History of Bangladesh

Thehistory ofBangladeshas anation statebegan in 1971, when it seceded fromPakistan. Prior to the creation of Pakistan in 1947, modern-day Bangladesh was opus ofancient,classical,medievalandcolonialIndia. The areas early history featured a succession ofIndian empires, internal squabbling, and a tussle betweenHinduismandBuddhismfor dominance. Islammade its first appearance between the 8th-10th centuries when Muslim missionaries arrived. Later, Muslim rulers reinforced the process of conversion by buildingmosques,madrassasand SufiKhanqah.The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the fragmentiseition of BengalandIndiain 1947, when the region becameeast Pakistan, part of the newly formedIslamic StateofPakistan. However, it was separated from thewestern wingby 1,600km (994mi) of Indian territory. Due to political exclusion, ethnic and linguistic discrimination, as well as economic neglect by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation led bySheikh Mujibur R ahman grew againstWest Pakistan, resulting in theBangladesh Liberation Warof 1971, which theBengali peoplewon with the support of India. after(prenominal) independence, the new state enduredfamine,natural disastersandwidespread poverty, as well as political upheaval andmilitary coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by relative calm and economic progress. The Bengali spoken language Movement TheBengali Language Movement, also cognize as theLanguage MovementBhasha Andolon, was a political effort inBangladesh(then known asEast Pakistan), advocating the recognition of theBengali languageas an functionary languageofPakistan. Such recognition would allow Bengali to be used in government affairs.When the state of Pakistan wasformedin 1947, its two regions, East Pakistan (also calledEast Bengal) andWest Pakistan, were split along cultural, geographical, and linguistic lines. In 1948, theGovernment of PakistanordainedUrduas the sole national language, sparking exte nsive protests among the Bengali-speaking majority of East Pakistan. Facing cost increase sectarian tensions and mass discontent with the new law, the government outlawed public meetings and rallies. The students of theUniversity of Dhakaand other political activists defied the law and organised a protest on 21 February 1952.The movement reached its climax when police killed student demonstrators on that day. The deaths provoked widespread civil unrest led by theAwami Muslim League, later renamed theAwami League. After years of conflict, the central government relented and granted official status to the Bengali language in 1956. In 2000,UNESCOdeclared 21 FebruaryInternational Mother Language Dayfor the whole world to celebrate,7in tribute to the Language Movement and the ethno-linguistic rights of people around the world.The Language Movement catalysed the assertion of Bengali national individuation in Pakistan, and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements, including t he6-point movementand subsequently theBangladesh Liberation Warin 1971. In Bangladesh, 21 February is observed asLanguage Movement Day, a national holiday. TheShaheed Minarmonument was constructed near Dhaka Medical College in memory of the movement and its victims. TheHistory ofBangladesh