Utilitarianism Vs. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism,...

Reading through the three chapters, what grabbed my attention most was the one on Utilitarianism. I will have some comments throughout this journal from Chapter 4 (egoism, altruism, and social contract) and 6 (Deontological Ethics and Immanuel Kant) because they have a big influence on this chapter. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that relies on the comparison of the overall happiness produced for everyone. It also advocates the precedence of consequence in the judgment of an action. On the former note, I believe that utilitarianism highly opposes secularism. Utilitarianism demands that we should undergo a choice that is directly dependent on producing a greater happiness for more people. However, it is right to question why I’m†¦show more content†¦A utilitarian may thus give a person a choice to adhere to the rules and share these benefits or fly solo and start his/her own civilization from zero. I would prefer the former over the latter. My main idea, however, is that utilitarianism demolishes the value of personal liberty. It is therefore ironic for me that some utilitarian philosophers value liberty even though their views are quite the opposite. Speaking of utilitarian philosophers, two of the influential philosophers that supported utilitarianism were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. I was amazed that a mathematical procedure was suggested by utilitarian philosophers in order to calculate the right ethical solution for general problems. Amount of happiness, intensity, duration, fruitfulness, and likelihood were the guidelines for determining the valid net happiness. I was interested in the likelihood aspect of this proposal. How can we be certain that pleasure can be delivered to certain groups of people as it was initially planned. For instance, let’s say I had a leisure saving of about 5000 dollars. Instead of taking my family on a vacation to Thailand and providing a decent amount of happiness for a week, I decided to bu y a used Audi car to my wife in hopes of providing more happiness for coming few years. It may turn out to be the correct decision if my wife cherishes this gift every day as she uses it instead of taking the bus.Show MoreRelated2074 Final Notes Essay6510 Words   |  27 PagesBusiness Ethics Make Sense? Adam Smith: we are motivated by self interest, and through the invisible hand comes free market competition. This naturally to social utility. / Butcher-brewer-baker quote demonstrates that the exchange of goods if for the benefit of both parties, without no ethics involved in the exchange. / Though competition, comes social harmony and utility. The market is a self correcting mechanism because it forces us to be truthful and honest, we should not scam people because this isRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pagesconduct (employee ethics) 75 Code of practice (professional ethics) 76 General codes of ethics: 76 Examples 77 2.62- Company Operating Policy: 77 I. INTRODUCTION 78 II. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND ETHICAL BUSINESS CONDUCT 80 III. CONTRACT AUTHORITY 81 IV. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 83 V. FAIR DEALINGS 88 VI. RECEIPT OF GIFTS, LOANS, FAVORS, OR OTHER GRATUITIES 88 VII. USE OF THE COMPANY FUNDS OR OTHER RESOURCES 90 VIII. POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS 93 IX. CORPORATE RECORDSRead MoreProfessional Ethics10396 Words   |  42 Pagesproblematic—such as those in the business world. The business world is a network of individuals, each with his own agenda in life, each working primarily for his own profit, and each interacting with others only if it is to his benefit. Business is a social world governed by self interest, and moral evaluations of self interest that determine moral evaluations of the business world.  Ã‚   My purpose in this essay is to defend the egoism that the business world depends upon. Business is about productionRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 34 45 48 52 . . . . . . 54 . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . 57 . . . . . . 88 . . . . . . 97 . . . . . 101 . . . . . 103 . . . . . 104 xvii xviii Illustrations Figure 5.5. Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) Factors Impact Planning. . . . . . . . . Figure 5.6. Several Factors Must Be Considered in Initial Strategic Planning Steps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5.7. University of California–Berkeley Library’s ValueRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManagement Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer ServiceRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pagesmake us forget the existence of a no-bridge between these two approaches. The current eï ¬â‚¬orts of several theoreticians consists in attempting to join them, through various rather unorthodox means (Roth’s semistable partitions, Greenberg’s theory of social situations, etc.: cf. Cochinard, this volume: Chapter 5). The subjects of game theory are the players, and not a supposedly omniscient modeler. Only recently have all the consequences of this seemingly banal observation come to light. How ought

What Would Happen If Sand Were Water Resistant - 845 Words

Question What would happen if sand were water resistant? What does the fabric protector do to the sand that makes it Hydroponic? Why does the oil sink? why does the sand stick so close? Research This Project is about What would happen if sand was hydroponic. Walking on the beach is calm relaxing and peaceful. however, what if the sand was to resist the water. Some thing hard to understand yet possible due to a number a number substances. The question being what would happen if sand were water resistant, can only be defined if you know exactly what sand is and what it is composed of. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines sand as â€Å" a loose granular material that results from the disintegration of rocks, consists of particles smaller than†¦show more content†¦This can all been done, and you will know how from the following paragraph. How sand can be water resistant. Sand can become water resistant in one notable way. It can become water resistant from coating it with scotch guard. You can make it. get scotch guard from any local department store. You must heavily coat the sand three to four time and repeat before you make the sand hydroponic. You must also add olive oil too the mix. The sand is now water resistant. how ever it is due to The PFOS chemicals in the scotch guard. The secret chemical that is keeping the sand and water from bonding together. As a result making hydroponic sand. What happens when sand is hydroponic. When the sand is hydroponic a number of unimaginable things take place. Once you have coated the sand you can place it in the water. When placing the sand in the water it will form a clump in the exact form it was poured in. Once it is in the water you can reclaim it. Taking it out you will see the sand go from, having underwater wet sand, to completely dry sand. You can repeat and the result will not change due to it scotch guard coating. An example of how this work in our lives to day can be for example, when 4.9 million (barrels) of crude oil dispersed into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. This spilling of oil polluted the ocean, and left millions of wildlife covered in oil and left to suffer.When crews arrived, they released 2 million gallons of Corexit. Corexit was and experimental substance

Nursing Clinical Dosage Calculations - Click to Free Sample

Question: 1. Post- operative pain assessment During your most recent post-operative assessment of Mr. Jones, he tells you he has pain in his abdomen. Identify one (1) method of pain assessment used in the adult post operative setting and provide a rationale to support its use. This discussion should be supported by a minimum of two (2) evidenced based resources. 2. Pain management On checking Mr. Jones medication chart, you find a valid order for the following: Paracetamol tablets 500mg to 1000mg orally every 6 hours. You decide to administer 1000 mgs of Paracetamol. In the drug cupboard is a stock of 500 mg tablets. In your answer, provide the working out of the dose you would administer and discuss two (2) medication safety issues and two (2) legal nursing precautions you should consider prior to the administration of this drug. This discussion should be supported by a minimum of two (2) evidenced based references 3. Discharge Planning Discharge planning often involves extensive patient education in relation to the post-operative recovery period. Complete the discharge template that has been provided and attach this to your submitted paper, as an appendix. You are then required to discuss the rationale for the instructions you have given Mr. Jones and his family which address his post-operative management goals. Aspects to consider could be, ambulation, return to work, pain relief, medical follow up as well as any other issues that maybe relevant to Mr. Jones, his needs and his familys needs. This discussion should be supported by a minimum of two (2) evidenced based references 4. Nursing Documentation Write a nursing report about Mr. Jones as if you were completing it in his notes after he has been discharged. The information should convey to the reader what you have specifically discussed/explained/planned for Mr. Jones and his family in relation to their discharge planning requirements. Answer: Introduction This assignment is focused on the case study of a 32 years old male Malcolm Jones, who has undergone a surgery for inguinal hernia. After his surgery, the nurse has to document all of his vital signs as the part of post-operative management of the patient. Based on the post-operative documentation, the discharge planning of the patient is done. As pain is a common symptom after surgeries, pain assessment and management of the patient would be discussed here, along with the discharge panning and nursing documentation (King Hawley, 2012). Pain assessment There are a number of pain assessment tools available for post-operative purposes. In this assignment, the visual analogue scale would be used for assessing Mr. Jones pain, as the nurse addressed an abdominal pain during the most recent postoperative assessment of Mr. Jones. In this condition, Mr. Jones will be assessed through the most common pain scale used for post-operative patients, the Visual analogue scale (VAS). In the process of assessment, the nurse has to ask questions related to the abdominal pain of Mr. Jones and records his answers, which is then assessed through the pain assessment instrument (Berman et al., 2015). The instrument include 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain) range. The psychometric response scale will collect data related to Mr. Jones severity of pain. The nurse would ask him such questions that can depict his level of pain, based on which, the intervention would be undertaken. Figure: Visual analogue scale (Source: Brotto Rafferty, 2016) According to Tiziani (2013) the continuous or analogue aspect of the VAS pain assessment tool makes it superior from the discrete scales, like Likert scale. Several evidences show that visual analogue scales include better metrical characteristics compared to the discrete scales, which helps to apply diverse range of statistical methods to the measurements. It has also been revealed that the sensitivity and reproducibility of VAS is somewhat superior to the others linear pain assessment scales (Daly, Speedy Jackson, 2014). Thus, VAS is suitable for assessing Mr. Jones pain. Pain management The nurse found that in Mr. Jones medication chart, there were a valid order for paracetamol tablets 500mg to 1000 mg orally every 6 hours. Paracetamol is classified as the pain reliever and fever reducer. It is widely used post operatively for reducing pain. The dosage of the medication is decided based on the level of pain, the patient is experiencing. Before, administering the drug, the nurse calculated the required dosage for the patient. In this context, based on his severe pain, the nurse decided to administer 1000mg/dose in every 6 hours (Tiziani, 2013). As the patient had no history of alcoholism or liver disease, thus, it was safe to administer the highest dose of the pain reliever medication. The first safety issue of administering paracetamol is giving the correct dose to the patient. As the nurse is going to administer the highest dose, it should be ensured that not more than 1000mg is administered to the patient, because it can have adverse effect. As the cupboard is a stock of 500 mg tablets, the nurse would give 2 tablets to the patient (500 X 2 =1000 mg/per dose) (Gatford Phillips, 2011). Another safety issue for administering this medication to Mr. Jones is his previous history of allergy. In some cases, paracetamol can worsen the allergetic reactions. Thus, before administering, the nurse should consult with doctor about the dosage. The legal precautions that the nurse should undertake are, collecting informed consent from the patient and completing the discharge form with correct information. Discharge planning The patient is fit and well now for being discharged. His postoperative vital signs have been taken within four hours of his discharge and the vital signs showed no serious complication. The wound area has been assessed by the surgical specialist and has reported absence of infection and signs of recovery. The patient is able to eat, drink and ambulate, as desired. The patient and his family have been discussed about the entire special requirement for his faster recovery. Mr. Jones has been recommended not to lift heavy weight, more than 15kg. He can return to his work after at least two weeks and until then he should take enough rest. The patient and his family have gone through a session related to his awareness about hernia prevention in future (Brotto Rafferty, 2016). An appointment was made for him after two weeks for a wound check with Dr. William. Nursing documentation After assessing all the information, it has been revealed that the patient experienced no severe post-operative complications. The patient was admitted with a surgical emergency related to inguinal hernia. IN spite of having allergy to penicillin and GORD, the patient did not have severe medical history. The nurse before the surgery ensured his physical stability along with the assurance that the patient did not consumed food or any drink since last night. After the successful operation, the patient was transferred to the surgical ward. The postoperative assessment revealed that the patient was able to eat, drink and ambulate. To reduce pain, analgesia was ordered (Tollefson Hillman, 2016). However, the patient informed an abdominal pain during the post-operative assessment. To measure the intensity of his pain, the nurse used the VAS pain assessment tool and based on the pain severity, the nurse administered 1000mg paracetamol. Before discharge, the nurse assessed all the vital sig ns and the surgical site for the presence of infection or any kinds of abnormalities. The patient was released with proper discharge documentation. Based on his post-operative status, he and his family was advised to reduce work load (Hayley, 2013). He was also prescribed not to lift heavy things for next 6 weeks. Follow up schedule was also provided. Conclusion Here, the post-operative nursing care was discussed with a special focus on the 32 years old patient Mr. Jones. The nurse completed all the assessment procedures very carefully, to avoid any kinds of miscommunication or errors. Before discharge, the medical team assessed whether Mr. Jones is fit for leaving the hospital or not and based on his status, the discharge planning was done. Reference List Berman, A., Snyder, S., Levett-Jones, T., Dwyer, T., Hales, M.....Stanley, D. (2015) Kozier Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing (3rd Australian ed). Melbourne: Pearson education. Brotto, V., Rafferty, K. (2016). Clinical Dosage calculations for Australia and New Zealand (2nd ed). Sydney: Cengage Learning. Daly, J., Speedy, S. Jackson, D. (2014) Contexts of nursing, preparing for professional practice. (4th ed): Sydney: Elsevier. Gatford, J. Phillips, N. (2011) Nursing calculations. (8th ed). Sydney: Elsevier. Hayley, C. (2013) Pilitteris child and family health nursing in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney: Lippincott Wilkins Williams King, J.K., Hawley, R. (2012). Australian Nurses' Dictionary (6th ed.). Sydney: Elsevier. Tiziani, A.P. (2013). Harvards nursing guide to drugs (9th ed). Chatswood: Elsevier Australia. Tollefson, J. Hillman, E. (2016). Clinical Psychomotor Skills: Assessment Tools for Nurses. (6th ed). Australia: Cengage.

Organisational Learning A Critical Analysis

Organisation learning, which is different from learning organisation, has been the subject of attention and research for some time now (Burnes et al 2003; Marshall et al 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Learning: A Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, extant literature demonstrates that although the concept of organisational learning did not emerge until the 1980s, its principles are firmly grounded on many perspectives of management and its practices identify a broad variety of factors, including organisation strategy, culture, structure and design, absorptive capability, problem-solving capacity and staff participation, among others (Wang Ahmed 2003). The present paper exemplifies some dimensions regarding organisation learning, especially its challenges and recommendations for practice. Extant literature considers organisation learning capacity â€Å"†¦as the o rganizational and managerial characteristics that facilitate the organizational learning process or allow an organisation to learn and thus develop a learning environment† (Burnes et al 2003, p. 456). It is indeed true that many organisations experience difficulty in making organisational learning a reality due to a number of factors that are unique to the organisation. First, many organisations are yet to come up with frameworks and strategies that they could use to integrate individual learning into organisational learning, implying that they have knowledgeable employees who are yet to be transformed to bring competitive advantage for the organisations due to disjointed programs and frameworks, as well as lack of collectivity of individual learning within the organisation (Wang Ahmed 2003). The second bottleneck to organisational learning revolves around the issue of mixed understanding of the drivers for improvement and learning, whereby it has been found that most organis ations do not keep a standard practice for organisational learning initiatives, leading to confusion and unproductiveness (Marshall et al 2009). Extant literature demonstrates that â€Å"†¦the ability of a workforce in an organisation to learn faster than those in other organisations constitutes the only sustainable competitive advantage at the disposal of a learning organisation† (Wang Ahmed 2003, p. 9). Arguably, a mixed understanding of the drivers for improvement and learning ensures that the capacity of employees to learn faster remains a mirage.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third bottleneck facing organisations in their attempt to initialize organisational learning is hinged on the issue of different and opposing perceptions about the current learning climate and capability (Marshall et al 2009). Again, this problem is to a large extent caused by ma nagement, who fails to provide employees with a framework to guide current learning climate and capability, leaving them to progress their own opposing perceptions at the expense of organisational learning. These opposing perceptions, according to Hoe (2007), create a fertile breeding ground for employee mistrust and hamper attempts by organisations to acquire, disseminate and use knowledge in response to rapidly shifting market forces. The last bottleneck revolves around the issue of dysfunctional interactions of misaligned organisational cultures or structures that make it difficult for employees to benefit from organisational learning initiatives (Marshall et al 2009). A misalignment of organisational culture not only ensures that organisations have no capacity to learn new trends and ideas from the market, but also functions to weaken teamwork and motivation, which are key to the learning process (Baldwin-Evans 2007). For many years now, Wal-Mart has been struggling to internali ze the concept of organisational learning due to its huge workforce (Baldwin-Evans 2007). To turn the rhetoric of organisational learning into reality, Wal-Mart could: 1) develop frameworks and strategies that could be used to integrate individual learning processes into organisational learning processes, 2) come up with a common standard regarding the drivers for organisational improvement and learning to avoid confusion and duplication of resources, and 3) align its organisational culture and structure to meet specific targets for organisational learning. Reference List Baldwin-Evans, K 2007, ‘The future of organisational learning’, Industrial Commercial Training, vol. 39 no. 6, pp. 299-306.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Learning: A Critical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Burnes, B, Cooper, C West, P 2003, ‘Organisational learning: The new management paradigm?â €™, Management Decision, vol. 41 no. 5, pp. 452-464. Hoe, SL 2007, ‘Is interpersonal trust a necessary condition for organisational learning’, Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 149-156. Marshall, J, Smith, S Buxton, S 2009, ‘Learning organisations and organisational learning: What we have learned’, Management Services, vol. 53 no. 2, pp. 36-44. Wang, CL Ahmed, PK 2003, ‘Organisation learning: A critical review’, The Learning Organisation, vol. 10 no. 1, pp. 8-17. This essay on Organisational Learning: A Critical Analysis was written and submitted by user J0se to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.