Evolution of the Financial Development-Economic Growth Research Paper

Evolution of the Financial Development-Economic Growth - Research Paper Example Ultimately, this financial development is seen to impact on better quality investments with higher yields and lower risks, thereby fuelling wealth creation and economic growth.   A similar and more recent study conducted by James Ang (2007) found that financial development leads to higher output growth through the promotion of both private savings and private investment, within the context of the Malaysian economy.   It is hoped that this present study will be able to establish findings of a similar nature, but concerned with more than savings and investment, relevant to ten countries with the highest GDP rates,   and within the milieu of the first two years of the 2008 global financial recession. Ultimately, this financial development is seen to impact on better quality investments with higher yields and lower risks, thereby fuelling wealth creation and economic growth.   A similar and more recent study conducted by James Ang (2007) found that financial development leads to higher output growth through the promotion of both private savings and private investment, within the context of the Malaysian economy.   It is hoped that this present study will be able to establish findings of a similar nature, but concerned with more than savings and investment, relevant to ten countries with the highest GDP rates,   and within the milieu of the first two years of the 2008 global financial recession. 1.3   Statement of the Problem This study will undertake to describe the relationship between the financial development of an economy and the growth of that economy.   It will focus on the economies of four countries:   the United States, the United Kingdom, India, and China.   The study shall also utilize World Bank and IMF indicators to determine their responsiveness to the statistical study on such a causal relationship. 1.4   Objectives of the Study In particular, the paper shall seek to establish the following:1.4.1 To investigate the financial indicators representing financial development, as determined by the WB and the IMF  1.4.2 To determine which among the indicators of economic growth (GDP in local currency, GDP in US dollars, GDP in purchasing power parity, or GDP growth) exhibits the best association with the financial indicators.1.4.3 To assess the relationship between financial indicators and the appropriate economic growth indicator, and the degree to which financial development is influential upon economic growth.

Biomechanical Principles In Basketball Essay Example for Free

Biomechanical Principles In Basketball Essay Basketball is a very competitive and popular sport in our society today. The NBA playoffs are going on right now and it has proved to be a very physical and intense post season. This sport takes an extreme amount of talent, coordination, and athletic ability to become a champion. There are a few biomechanical principles that are present during the game of basketball that help these athletes become great. The first biomechanical principle that is present in basketball is Newton’s Second Law of Motion. This law deal deals with acceleration in the sport. The law states, â€Å"The change in motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed; and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed†. Newton’s Second Law is applied to the dunking aspect of basketball. When a player is about to dunk the basketball a certain amount of force must be produced to jump. Also a certain amount of acceleration must be produced to send the player upwards towards the rim. If this does not happen then the player is going to not be able to dunk the basketball. The weight of the athlete also plays a big role in this action as well. A player who is heavier is going to have a harder time jumping as high as a player with less mass. The next biomechanical principle I found that deals with basketball is another Newton law. Newton’s First Law deals with the law of inertia. This law is applied when a player is attempting a pass to his or her teammate. Newton’s First Law states that an object will stay in motion unless acted upon by another force. When a player is passing the ball to their teammate, the ball will stay in a straight line of motion unless a member of the opposing team attempts to steal the ball from its destination. Lastly frictional force is another biomechanical principle that I found present in the game of basketball. The friction between the athlete’s shoes and floor must be very high. Static friction is used when the player wants to push off from the floor to make an athletic move. The type of shoes that the athlete wears is also going to play a huge role in how affective the players’ moves are. Frictional for occurs when the player pushes down and backward on the floor. It is the force that acts forwards on the player and backwards on the floor. If it was not for frictional forces the athlete would not be able to start or stop his or her motion. In conclusion I found this biomechanical breakdown to be very interesting. Now that I have taken this course I look at sports from a greater biomechanical perspective. I feel that taking this course will really pay off as I become a professional in the field. Being able to break down sports into such a perspective is a great attribute to have as a future professional.

Form and Structure of the play Blood Wedding :: English Literature

Form and Structure of the play 'Blood Wedding. Form and Structure The play 'Blood Wedding' has Three Acts and Seven scenes all together. In the first act we are introduced to all of the characters, where we see their first impressions of them. In act two we see the characters developing, learning new things. In the end we have an ending, which isn't expected and could shock the audience. Lorca was a Spanish writer so therefore his play is set in the Spanish culture. The play begins by introducing the mother and the bridegroom who are arguing about knives. As the audience we begin to notice that the mother has a problem with knives. The pace of the two characters was relaxed at first but soon the tension begins to rise between the two characters as soon as the word knife was mentioned. When the bride arrives, the atmosphere of the play changes, the happy atmosphere is interrupted. The mother begins to get cautious, as she is not keen on the bride at first because she knows absolutely nothing about her. When the mother meets the bride and her father, the two parents start to compare there son and daughter too one another, I think this shows that there is a competition atmosphere between the two characters, this is when the tension begins to rise again, the mood becomes jealous because I think Lorca wants to set the father that he wants his daughter to be the best and this is the same with the mother. "My son has the very best of prospects." "My daughter is the finest of girls." As the visit continues, I notice that the bride is a bit awkward with the mother, she sounds as though she is hiding something. I think this causes a great amount of tension, the atmosphere starts to become dark and secret. We also notice that the bride is acting around the mother, giving her sharp answers, she sounds as though she doesn't want to get married, unsure of her decision. I think the bride is a very important character of the play as the pace, tension, atmosphere and the mood changes. The tension and the pace continues rising, the atmosphere is starting to get deceitful as she doesn't want to marry the bridegroom and the mood becomes secretive. On the day of the wedding, we see that the atmosphere is confused, flustered and closed because I feel that the bride knows she doesn't have much time to decide if she will go through with the wedding. As the maid continues to do the brides hair, we notice that the maid is

Macbeth-Nature of Evil

Macbeth explores the nature of evil by the gradual change in the environment and the people within the play. Various factors of individuals, society and politics and supernatural themes contribute to the nature of evil. Individuals and Supernatural influences cause Macbeth to become king of Scotland and his reign affects social and political factors. Macbeth was a Scottish general and Thane of Glamis, a loyal, brave man who turned into a murderer and traitor in order to become King of Scotland.In Macbeth , dramatic irony is used to create suspense and tension; it keeps the audience anticipating the reaction of the people and consequences. It is used in Act 1 Scene 4, â€Å"There’s no art to find the mind’s construction in the face. He was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust†, after Duncan had said this, talking about trusting the thane of Cawdor, coincidentally Macbeth appears, a man who ultimately kills King Duncan. Macbeth is a man whose evil is influ enced by Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth and is the driving force behind Macbeths’ goals.The metaphor of a container is used to describe Lady Macbeths desire to be filled with cruelty, the technique helps the audience gain a strong mental image and idea. It is shown in the quote, In act 1 scene 5 â€Å"Under my battlements. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood, stop up th’access and passage to remorse†, she wants to get rid of her feminine nature and emotions so she is prepared for the murder.Rhetorical questions are often used by Lady Macbeth in order to taunt, manipulate and persuade Macbeth into killing Duncan. Lady Macbeth can be seen as a very ruthless, ambitious woman who seeks power. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth go against their natures to commit evil deeds and how they handle it shows how evil they are. The technique used was symbo lism of blood, which represents treachery, violence but also guilt as well, Lady Macbeth’s subconscious hand scrubbing is outward manifestation of her inner guilty. The quote in act 5 scene 1, â€Å"Out damned spot!Out I say! One-Two-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him? † is from Lady Macbeth when she is being consumed by the guilt of Duncan’s’ murder. Different to Lady Macbeth, Macbeth seems to become imbalanced, and lose his sense of what is right and wrong, hence he orders the murder of more people. In political matters, Macbeth needed to get rid of any threat that could affect his status. The technique used was soliloquy which shows the audience the characters innermost thoughts and allows access to their emotions.In act 3 scene 1, soliloquy is used in the quote, â€Å"Our fears in Banquo; stick deep, and in his royalty of nature, Reigns that which would be fear'd: 'tis much he dares†¦Whose being I do fear; and under him, My genius is rebuk'd, as it is said, Mark Antony's was by Caesar. â€Å", It shows how Macbeth fears that Banquo’s sons will become future kings. Macbeth needed to get rid of threats and so he arranges murderers to kill Banquo and Macduff’s family. Macbeth is killing, not out of guilt but of panic and rage since he only cares to secure his position as king. When Macbeth reigns over Scotland as King, society began to fall apart.The technique of personification is used to make the situation more dramatic and to convey a certain mood. The quote from Malcolm in Act 4 scene 3, â€Å" I think our country sinks beneath the yoke. It weeps, it bleeds, and each new day a gash is added to her† shows the effect of Macbeth’s tyrannical rule over Scotland. People of society are living in fear since they can’t talk about Macbeth or they will be seen as a traitor and killed, this happens in some countries where you could get imprisoned o r killed for badmouthing the government, people have a lack of freedom of speech.Macbeth pursues the throne because of the powers associated with it and is so focused on retaining the throne that he ignores the responsibilities of a king. Macduff, along with other nobles prepares a rebellion, it shows the extent of political and social disruption in Scotland due to Macbeth’s evil. The technique used is symbolism of having correct social order restore with the removal of Macbeth. The quote in act 3 scene 6, â€Å" we may again give to our tables meat, sleep to our nights, free from our feasts and banquets bloody knives do faithful homage and receive free honors all which we pine now. shows a conversation between Lord and Lennox and it refers to Macduffs’ visit to the English king to make a military campaign against Macbeth so that life returns to normal. Killing the king has a dramatic impact on social order of society, since without a king there must be a new one, but since Macbeth is evil, society is in a state of imbalance because he got that position by evil means. The three witches are pure evil, and their prophecies are the cause of treachery and murder in Macbeth’s mind. The technique of foreshadowing is used to make a reference to an earlier event, so the audience knows that the prophecies were true.The quote ‘All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! ’ is from the witches in act 1 scene 3, it is the first prophecy which initiates Macbeth’s dark ambition after it becomes true. The witches’ prophecies tempt Macbeth’s dark desires for power; however they do not force or interfere with his evil acts. The witches’ ugly, androgynous appearance, bizarre potions and rhymed speech immediately denotes the supernatural. Banquo’s ghost makes an appearance at the banquet, capturing the attention of Macbeth. The technique of foreshadow of Macbeth’s downfall reveals his guilty to the people at the party.The quote from Ross in Act 3 scene 4, â€Å"Gentlemen, rise, his highness is not well. † is said after Macbeth sees Banquo and speaks nonsense, people thought something was wrong with him. Ghosts are generally linked with the supernatural, as they are spirits of the deceased person, they could possess and haunt people. It is not known whether Banquo was a ghost or hallucination due to Macbeth’s overwhelming guilt. The witches and Banquo’s ghost are both supernatural and manifestations of evil in different ways. Banquo’s ghost haunting Macbeth at the banquet was a reminder of the murder, resulting in his unrest soul.The witches are dark agents who tell prophecies that provide temptation for Macbeth to commit evil deeds and come to them for help thus leading him to the dark side. Nature of evil in the play Macbeth is conveyed through political, social, supernatural contexts. Lady Macbeth and the witches have an influence on Macbeth, res ulting in him committing evil deeds to become king. This however has a political and social effect on the people of Scotland, and supernatural events are often re-occurring throughout the play as an integral part to telling the story.

Onion DNA Extraction Essay

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in every living organism. It provides the information and instructions to build and regulate cells in organisms. The information it contains is used when organisms are being reproduced. It is made up of two polynucleotide chains known as DNA strands. Within the two chains there are four nucleotide units: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Materials and Methods An onion was cut into pieces and placed in a blender with 50 mL of water and blended for one minute. Once blended, 20 mL of 25% saline solution and 10 mL of liquid detergent was added to the mixture and blended for 3 minutes. The mixture was then added to a flask and placed into a bath of hot water at 42? C for 10 minutes. The mixture was then removed from the hot water bath and filtered using a cheese cloth (dryer sheet) into a beaker. In a test tube (test tube â€Å"B†), 10 mL of 90-95% ethanol was placed into a beaker filled with ice. Then 10 mL of the filtered mixture was then placed into a test tube (test tube â€Å"C†). Test tube â€Å"C† was tilted at an angle and the ethanol from test tube â€Å"B† was slowly poured into test tube â€Å"C†. After 5 minutes, a white layer was formed between the onion-detergent mixture (test tube â€Å"B†) and the ethanol (test tube â€Å"C†). A plastic pipette was used to remove the white layer from the tube and placed into a micro centrifuge tube. The micro centrifuge tube was centrifuged at 10 K rpm for 1 minute. The supernatant in the tube was then removed and discarded only leaving the white pellet that was formed at the bottom. Results During this experiment, the DNA of the onion had formed at the bottom of the micro centrifuge tube.

Hiring Fresh Graduates Essays

Hiring Fresh Graduates Essays Hiring Fresh Graduates Essay Hiring Fresh Graduates Essay Every college or university students dream Is to get a Job, pay off debts and reach their milestones. There is a great challenge between candidates, they also deal job shortages. The challenge is not for the candidates, but the employers. Employers have to decide which candidate they should hire and how they will be beneficial for the firm. There is another dilemma for the employers, and it is that if they should hire an experienced professional or a fresh graduate. Employers should hire more fresh graduates, because they cost less, impatient to start working, remember heretical knowledge better and can be established in more complex workplaces. Firstly, fresh graduates start with low salaries. According to USA Today 56% of the employers wishes to pay under $40,000 to fresh graduates for starting salaries. Firms always want to maximize their profits and thats the main purpose of creating and managing firms. For the purpose of making profit, paying less salary too fresh graduate is a big benefit for the employer. Employers can hire and pay $ 40,000 to a fresh graduate for the position and save 20-40% more by choosing the inexperienced Individuals. The salary Is not the only way the firms can save by hiring the fresh graduate, there are more ways to save money. If the firm has an opening and trying to find a worker, experienced or not, they have to pay big amount of money to find the right employee for the opening. However, If the employer would Like to hire a fresh graduate, he/she does not have to waste that fund. The employer can be partners with any local or specific university/college and use their career center or Interview people In Career Fairs to find the perfect match for the opening. The fact that students want to make money and start building their lives, they are Impatient to get Jobs. Being a college or university student Is hard and stressful, Throughout their education in colleges or universities, students have to spend big amount of money to pay their tuition, rent, commuting, books and for other expenses. According to CB Canada. N average Canadian student debt is between $20,000 $30,000 range and the Canadian Federation of Students pegs it at $27,000, which is close to the nearly $26,300 many students said they expected to owe after graduation In a recent BOOM survey. Brittany Verge can be an example for this. Again according to CB Canada, Brittany Verge graduated in 2008 and still paying her student loans. In 5 years, she could managed to pay only $2,000 back. Student debt is difficult to pay off. For this reason fresh graduates are eager to get Jobs and pay It off as soon as possible. Another reason is that most of the people want to buy a car, house or luxury, and getting a Job is the first step in order to reach these goals. Remembering theories can be beneficial for the workers while performing tasks or jobs. Employers are depending on the younger employees to lead the company tragedy Initiatives. Fresh graduates have theoretical knowledge and more aware of the new technology and have a better knowledge of it. So their technical skills, critical and analyzing thinking efficiency are at a pick time, because all the theoretical knowledge about the subject is fresh on their minds. As a result, the fresh graduates may apply the terms and concepts to the task or research, and create innovative ideas for the improvement of the organization. Fresh graduates are waiting for opportunities to prove themselves and they are not afraid to ask questions, because hey were trained to do that at colleges and universities. Lastly, fresh graduates can be established in more compelled workplaces. A workplace is the best platform for a fresh graduate to start and get experienced. Their enthusiasm and serious manner can provide more benefits to the firm. If the firm hires an experienced professional, the firm may end up paying for additional costs like teaching the company culture. The professional will have the last companys culture and morals and making the professional learn the firms culture will be extremely difficult for the professional and can cost a lot. However, if the firm hires a fresh graduate from a university or college everything will be tremendously different. The fresh graduate will start learning the firms culture step by step from the beginning. Fresh graduate can be trained rapidly, because he/she won t be familiar with any other type of culture. According to Behaving Gandhi ,management consultant, states that less experienced people more flexible as compared to very experienced professional and according to his work experience, inexperienced workers that he worked with were willing to put in some extra time to learn new things. Fresh graduates do not have families or any commitments towards anything big and this situation lets them display more commitment towards their Job. On the other side, experienced professionals are older and mostly married, so they end up trying to balance their family and working time. In conclusion, the dilemmas answer is hiring fresh graduates. A fresh graduate costs less, impatient to start working, has better theoretical knowledge than experienced workers and can be established in more complex workplaces. The employers should stop looking at the fresh graduates and have the mindset that they do not know anything about organizations and they have no work experience. Fresh graduates can create innovative ideas and look at the tasks with a different or new perspective. Reference CB. Ca/news/Canada/average-student-debt-difficult-to-pay-off-delays-life- milestones-I . 2534974 Saturdays. Com/story/money/personalization/ 2014/04/24/college-graduates-Jobs-carbureted/80171 55/ http://behindhand. Com/ 2012/07/10/practical-tips-on-how-to-become-successful-in-life-part-l / http:// blob. Batty. Com/2014/07/six- reasons-you-should-be-hiring-fresh-graduates/

buy custom Higher Education essay

buy custom Higher Education essay The importance of higher education in the twenty first century cannot be overlooked. The modern society is mostly inclined to studying, with only those who are left out of this experience being as a result of inadequate time, resources or other personal commitments (Allen, 2005). Generally, higher education helps to improve the quality of life of the person since such people are able to access better employment opportunities, exercise better health practices and are more financially stable among other countless advantages (Allen, 2005). As a result, this article will focus on higher education. It will address the reasons for pursuing a college degree as well as using the learning various styles in relation to effective learning of a student. It will also look at the relation between the results of a GEMS survey and the career that an individual can pursue. People pursue higher education due to different reasons, and therefore my reasons for further learning are outlined below. I would like to get higher education so as to pursue my career job. After attaining a college degree, I will be able to secure a good job that I have always dreamt about. Additionally, I want to develop my personality so that I can be in a position to handle most of the real life situations. I believe that the prcess of attaining a college degree involves a holistic transformation of an individual in almost all life aspects. This entails qualities such as problem solving, effective communication among other life skills. There are various types of learning styles which students adapt to. Some students have a dominant style while others show a combination of various styles. My learning style is more oriented to auditory and tactile. When learning something new, I prefer to read out aloud since this style makes more sense and enhances my level of understanding (LeFever, 1995). As a matter of fact, I am able to memorize more information while using this method. In addition, I like to engage in a group discussion that comprise of a small number of people. This helps me to have the object of discussion in my hands. Consequently, I would prefer to have most of the lessons done in this format where I can apply my auditory stimuli to learning. After a GEMS survey was carried out, it was found that my Grand type was a People Oriented Achiever and a team facilitator. I concur with this result since even at work; I am a very friendly person. One of the my unique qualities is that I like surpassing the targets set for me thereby creating a difference on what I settle down to undertake. In most cases, I stand out as a potential leader but this is usually restricted by my personal reasons and the job positions that I hold. For instance, the story below displays my leadership and people oriented qualities. There is a time when an opportunity presented itself for a leadership role at my duty station. After arriving at the station, I noticed the problem and realized that a social committee to handle the problem was missing. I was not acquainted with the morality of the unit and therefore, I decided to inquire about it from the concerned people in the area. As a result, I understood the activities that were done in the unit as well as how money was being raised in the unit. Moreover, I was appointed the social committee president. This move has allowed us to organize events aimed at raising funds for the unit. This is a clear indication of the correlation between my personality and the career that I will be pursuing at the college level. Therefore, it is worth noting that the GEMS survey helped me a great deal to confirm my career choice. This should be emulated by all the students who intend to pursue higher education. They should be in a position to understand how their career concurs with their personality since it is on this platform that successful careers are built on. Buy custom Higher Education essay

Paying for Private School in Tough Times

Paying for Private School in Tough Times We all know that private school is expensive, and its not uncommon for parents to sometimes have trouble paying private school tuition. Dr. Wendy Weiner, Principal of Conservatory Prep Senior High in Davie, Florida answers some of the questions parents have and explains their options. 1. The major breadwinner in the family has been laid off. The family has one child in tenth grade at private school. They cannot afford to pay the next four months of tuition. What do you suggest they do? This is a phenomenon we are seeing more and more. Individuals with high paying jobs being laid off. First, go through your finances and determine your budget and what you can realistically afford for the next four months. Even if it is $200 per month, rather than $1,500. The economic situation, although may seem bleak, can turn around quickly and you may be wanting to place your child back at the school. Speak with the administration regarding your financial situation. Be up front and honest. Is there a service you can provide to the school for the next four months? Schools dont want to lose their students midway through the year, especially good students. 2. If parents have savings for college, should they use these funds to pay for private school tuition? I am asked this question regularly. What is most important is if your child is thriving in a particular school during the teen years, both academically and socially, dont move. I cant emphasize this enough. The high school years are very difficult and to find an environment where your child excels is very important. I have seen students placed in a large high school, feel very lost and not involved in activities and earn poor grades. The parents dont want to move him to a private school, because the money is being saved for college. However, if the child continues to earn low grades and does not develop extra-curricula interests, paying for college wont be a problem. Granting acceptance will be. The reality is that there are more scholarships available for colleges than for private high schools. Even with the turbulent economy, there are many options including scholarships and very low-interest loans for college. 3. Arent parents obliged by contract to pay tuition and other expenses? Yes. Parents sign a contract that they agree to pay tuition for the year. The schools count on this money to meet their expenses. The school is put in a very bad predicament when teachers are hired, leases are signed for buildings, etc. and then students do not fulfill their contracts. If you are not sure if you will be able to fulfill your contract, speak with the school about your concerns. Sometimes schools may put in provisions in the contract for special circumstances. 4. Cant parents go back to the school and renegotiate their financial aid package for the current year? Definitely. Schools are businesses and need students to survive. Often you can re-negotiate a new payment plan or financial aid package. The institution would rather receive some money to cover basic costs than ​to  receive nothing. However, there are some students who drain the system with their needs. Be realistic with your expectations and your childs needs. 5. What advice can you offer parents who are looking at private school for the coming year? With all of the negative, there is a positive side. Private schools have been forced to up their game. Faculty who were not of the highest standards have been let go and programs which are of low quality have been cut from the budget. Schools know that parents have choices and are competing for each child. The schools have had to re-evaluate their own programs, curriculum and expectations. Those schools which are not able to offer a high standard of education will be closing, while those which are strong will flourish. Parents will find a higher quality of school at a fair price than they have known in the past. With budget cuts in the public schools, academic standards and expectations have been lowered, therefore making it difficult to obtain a publicly funded quality education.    Updated by Stacy Jagodowski

Performance Pay at Safelite Auto Glass Case Study

Performance Pay at Safelite Auto Glass - Case Study Example Performance Management is undoubtedly one of the most important areas in managing the operations of a business enterprise. It is clear that the present management of Safelite Auto Glass, particularly the CEO John Barlow and COO Staglin want the firm to be profitable and expand into new markets. Ever since the change of management in 1987, there have been efforts towards expanding Safelite’s reach and markets. For this purpose, Barlow hit upon the idea of allowing the setup of franchise operations all across the USA, a move which increased the number of Safelite outlets from 250 to 550 within two years from 1987 to1989 (Hall et al., p 1) . The problem here was that stores were opened up rather haphazardly and customers had problems locating the stores. To deal with this issue, the CEO then hit upon the idea of using mobile trucks to provide repair and installation services to the customers at their own location. There was no need to bring the vehicle to the repair outlet. But h ere again the problems faced were coordinating the needs of the customers and reaching the locations correctly. To solve these issues, it was decided to open up warehouse style locations complete with technicians and fitters who could service, repair and fit out a car windshield all from this central location. The communications network installed here was used to route calls to the technicians so that service and repair work could be carried out with a minimum of time wastage. A limiting factor here was that too many calls came into the more central and popular locations while others stayed idle, but this too was being addressed by forwarding calls to locations that were not so busy. It is quite evident that these expansion efforts came with a cost. To make more use of idle capacity on the part of those warehouse locations that were not too busy, the managers of those locations had themselves been put on a performance pay plan that required them to do some actual fitting, repairing and servicing when the place was not too busy. Quite possibly some of the managers might have resented this double role. Yet the fact is that they had to improve the productivity of the warehouse before they could be considered for a rating upgrade. While it is clear that the present performance pay plan is not working, part of the reason is management’s lack of strategic long term thinking. This is evident from the way that problems creep up and are solved on the run. In the beginning the franchise system created a glut of stores in some locations and scarcity in others; it also created internal competition which was counterproductive. The use of trucks as mobile repair shops was innovative but included a cost that should have been considered before launching this initiative. Safelite’s own deficiencies in the current performance pay plan make it seem that the workers are being discriminated against after the initial guarantee period of 12 weeks have passed. At the in itial stage, the worker is being guaranteed a 12-week basic wage rate depending on his previous productivity. But after 12 weeks have passed, the worker has to prove himself again by meeting the difference and also make efforts to increase his productivity. This might not always be possible due to seasonal variations, intensity of competition and manager bias in a particular warehouse. As indicated, the workers would take it easy in the first 12 weeks of the plan unless pushed by conscientious managers. They would prefer to play pinochle (Hall et al., p 5) while maintaining a minimum of productivity. Secondly, despite the best communication systems there is a lack of proper coordination between the order takers on phone and the technicians and the drivers. This point needs to be addressed because it is having an

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business Strategy - Essay Example ey company comments on ours pricing policies, levels of production, methods of marketing, inventories, the measure taken to develop products, sales situations and goals, non public market surveys and other archives or confidential information (Hill, & Jones, 2009).   Sharpe should ensure economic knowledge about the Barkley. However, Sharpe seeks to maintain business ethics in our communication. Sharp seeks to maintain a steady relationship with the Barley in a way that they will not exchange their trade secrets, the lists of customers that Sharpe is targeting, and information about the resources available at Sharpe, technological developments or operations. Sharpe should also be careful to avoid hiring staff that worked with Barkley. Sharpe should also avoid dealing with suppliers that have supplied for Barkley to avoid leaking of confidential information; Sharpe will not hire or buy staffs from Barkley to extract information about the Barkley Company. Sharply plans to remove barriers to entry in the market or directly alleviating monopoly rents. The company can also venture in facilitating mergers and acquisition (Baye, 2010).   Sharpe also seeks to set up strategies that will enable the company enjoy the economies of scale, the economies of scope, and cost complementarities of price and output this way the company enjoys low costs and increases profitability. The company is planning to implements strategies that encourage innovation to ensure high profitability and low costs (Hill, & Jones, 2009).   Competition laws seek to grow with the mixed laws such as trademarks, copyrights, patents, industrial design rights and in some instances trade secrets. Companies that wish to increasingly raise prices needs to familiarize with the laws that govern such activities lest their contracts be terminated. Contrary a growing notion feels that promotion of novelty through adhering to the ‘intellectual property rights’ encourages competitiveness, whilst the

Microsoft Monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Monopoly - Essay Example The reasons that lead to Microsoft being reconnoitered for antitrust performance is the fact that there were reports of Microsoft Company abusing the position they had as one of the leaders in supplying operating systems of computers. It leads to various lawmakers carrying out investigations if Microsoft Company was creating a monopoly to the markets available for the computer software’s. These lawmakers later found out that Microsoft Company was causing a monopoly in the industry of computers.The lawmakers came out with facts used in supporting their judgments (McLaughlin, 1999). Microsoft Company created Microsoft office which gave services to everyone in any professional field. The Microsoft office was to be used to operate an operating system that was specifically from Microsoft Company. This operating system used by Microsoft, is windows. McLaughlin(1999) affirms that during the internet development, Microsoft Company tried to put measurements that were to eradicate and p ush out other companies competing with them in terms of net browsing. By doing so, Microsoft Company came up with the internet explorer which was to be used freely in their all operating systems introduced. The introduction of internet explorer came when people were spending their money in using Netscape Navigator and other browsers. According to the lawmakers, Microsoft Company was mortified of these exclusive dealings. This type of regulation gives Microsoft sole rights to a particular commodity.

Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part Two) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma (Part Two) - Essay Example Life is a gift from God and no human being has the right to do whatever they please with it. She believes death is gods will and wish and everyone has their time of death and there is no turning back from this time. She is opposed to all forms of euthanasia, not just because she believes God is the creator of life or because of the teachings of the catholic church, but also because these churches and biblical teachings are supported by philosophical, ethical and reasoned argument that can be availed (Armstrong, 2009). As a Christian, Mary Gonzalez believes it is against her religious background and moral perspective to take her life or even request someone in doing so. She believes no one has the right to kill or assist in killing no matter how hopeless the situation. In relation to euthanasia being a way to relieve pain, to the suffering individuals, Mary insists that it is wrong and against the Hippocratic oaths of doctors. The oath states that, â€Å"I will not give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect or in swearing the giving of poison when asked for it.† The American Society of Internal Medicine and American College of Physicians do not encourage or give support to physicians regarding euthanasia (ACP-ASIM, 2010). Physician assisted suicide, she believes, deteriorates the trust that patients have in the physicians. The government is wrong to give any right to a certain group of people to kill other people. This is illegal and should be abolished. Instead, people should encourage the suffering and give them hope until God decides when to take their life. The biblical worldview according to Mary Gonzalez is a well reasoned and gives a moral value to the sanctity of life (Cox, 2009). This is because it is possible to point to a moral right or wrong. It is concerned with the good of the community at large while the secular worldview is more focused on the individual

Real and Intellectual Property Law Briefs Case Study

Real and Intellectual Property Law Briefs - Case Study Example Golde made many post operative trips to the medical center for regular check ups. In addition to the normal check ups the doctors at the medical centre conducted research on the cells extracted from Moore's body and hoped to benefit commercially from the results of their research. However, this fact about research was not disclosed to Moore by the Doctors. From the research conducted on Moore's cells, a cell line was developed and got patented by Dr. Golde. Later Golde entered into agreement with the Genetic Institute and was the main beneficiary of the commercial exploits. Moore later sued Dr. Golde and other defendants over the issue. Although the Court discarded Moore's basic claim and ruled that he had no property rights as such or over any money made later on by the defendants by the research conducted and later exploitingg it commercially. It however, said that the defendants were obliged to disclose to Moore the financial angle involved in the cells extracted from Moore's body, so in these circumstances although Moore who had no property rights was free to bring a claim of injuries against the defendants. The decision was given by a bench of Supreme Court of California. Various arguments were forwarded by the counsel for the Plaintiff. The Hon'ble Supreme Court examined them in deatail and reached to a conclusion that the person has no absolute right to the products of his body because they are not unique and further espoused that legislature has formulated laws that stated that forbid patients under some treatment to possess their extracted organs. In this case the plaintiff's spleen was taken out to protec t his life from a life threatening situation but the court ruled out that the patient has an right over the spleen after it has been extracted from his body to save his life and under normal circumstances affected organs or body parts have to be disposed or may be used for research for the advancement of the medical profession. The Court feared that by extending property rights to body parts could spell a doom for the medical profession in general as it is a norm that the affected cells or body parts taken out from patient's body are used for research purposes. Moreover, Moore had given his consent too for the procedure. Although, to some extent it can be said that the consent was not informed as the whole procedure may not have been explained to him verbatim and there were some commercial interests involved. But to that he can only sue his Doctor i.e. Mr. Golde but the other defendants have no liability towards him. Main Issue : The highlight of this judgment was not to extend the status of property to ill human organs as that would have leaded to a plethora of damage suits and loss to the advancement of medical profession. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CASE A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. Brief Facts : It can be said that this intellectual property law case an landmark case in which the United Court of Appeals decided that

Physical Affects of Eating Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Physical Affects of Eating Disorders - Essay Example Anorexia nervosa is one among the various eating disorders affecting both men and women these days. According to the Ohio State University Family and Consumer Sciences, "Food, calories, fat grams, weight, and weight management dominate the person's life and attempts to help are often ignored or met with denial or anger." ("What is anorexia") Anorexia nervosa was considered a distinct clinical entity when it was independently reported in 1874 by two physicians, Laseque and Gull. It was Gull who named the disorder "anorexia nervosa." He described extreme emaciation in young women, associated with increased activity, episodes of binge eating, amenorrhea and low body temperature. (Gold, 1990) Anorexia nervosa remains a disorder that primarily affects young women, with onset generally between the ages of 12 and 25 years. Epidemiologic studies in the United States and Europe have documented an increased incidence in young women. However, numerous cases of new onset anorexia in elderly men and women have been reported. (Gold, 1990) The prevalence of anorexia varies between 2 and 5 percent among adolescent and young adult women. The disorder carries a mortality rate of 5 percent in the first two years. Among untreated patients, mortality can approach 20 percent. A perfectionist lifestyle, punctuated by one or more performance-related stresses, predisposes to anorexia nervosa. (Gold, 1990) Physical Effects of Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa affects mainly young women and is characterized by refusal to maintain body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and feelings of fatness even when they are actually thin. (Gold, 1990) Anorexia nervosa remains a disorder that primarily affects young women, with onset generally between the ages of 12 and 25 years. Epidemiologic studies in the United States and Europe have documented an increased incidence in young women. However, numerous cases of new onset anorexia in elderly men and women have been reported. (Gold, 1990) The typical anorectic patient has a distorted body image and usually has a need to maintain an ultra-thin silhouette or to suppress menses. She sees herself as obese regardless of the degree of emaciation. However, her perception of the physical appearance of others remains accurate. A patient's drawings of family members are usually undistorted, but those of herself show an exaggeratedly obese figure. (Gold, 1990) Anorexics tend to eat "safe," low-calorie foods. Many times, these foods must be consumed in specific quantities, for example, 10 green beans or one tablespoon of ketchup. Many anorexics go so far as to count the calories in chewing gum, medicines and the glue on postage stamps. (Gold, 1990) The most obvious physical effect of anorexia nervosa is illustrated with extreme thinness. Starvation produces an emaciated or skeletal body habitus, leading to such appearance Moreover, as the patients continue to starve themselves; their bodies continue to conserve resources. (Gold, 1990) Hormonal changes such as the changes in reproductive hormones and in the thyroid hormones result from this condition. ("Eating Disorders") As an effect, menstruation among women and the secondary sexual characteristics are

Real and Intellectual Property Law Briefs Case Study

Real and Intellectual Property Law Briefs - Case Study Example Golde made many post operative trips to the medical center for regular check ups. In addition to the normal check ups the doctors at the medical centre conducted research on the cells extracted from Moore's body and hoped to benefit commercially from the results of their research. However, this fact about research was not disclosed to Moore by the Doctors. From the research conducted on Moore's cells, a cell line was developed and got patented by Dr. Golde. Later Golde entered into agreement with the Genetic Institute and was the main beneficiary of the commercial exploits. Moore later sued Dr. Golde and other defendants over the issue. Although the Court discarded Moore's basic claim and ruled that he had no property rights as such or over any money made later on by the defendants by the research conducted and later exploitingg it commercially. It however, said that the defendants were obliged to disclose to Moore the financial angle involved in the cells extracted from Moore's body, so in these circumstances although Moore who had no property rights was free to bring a claim of injuries against the defendants. The decision was given by a bench of Supreme Court of California. Various arguments were forwarded by the counsel for the Plaintiff. The Hon'ble Supreme Court examined them in deatail and reached to a conclusion that the person has no absolute right to the products of his body because they are not unique and further espoused that legislature has formulated laws that stated that forbid patients under some treatment to possess their extracted organs. In this case the plaintiff's spleen was taken out to protec t his life from a life threatening situation but the court ruled out that the patient has an right over the spleen after it has been extracted from his body to save his life and under normal circumstances affected organs or body parts have to be disposed or may be used for research for the advancement of the medical profession. The Court feared that by extending property rights to body parts could spell a doom for the medical profession in general as it is a norm that the affected cells or body parts taken out from patient's body are used for research purposes. Moreover, Moore had given his consent too for the procedure. Although, to some extent it can be said that the consent was not informed as the whole procedure may not have been explained to him verbatim and there were some commercial interests involved. But to that he can only sue his Doctor i.e. Mr. Golde but the other defendants have no liability towards him. Main Issue : The highlight of this judgment was not to extend the status of property to ill human organs as that would have leaded to a plethora of damage suits and loss to the advancement of medical profession. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CASE A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. Brief Facts : It can be said that this intellectual property law case an landmark case in which the United Court of Appeals decided that

Service Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Service Quality Management - Essay Example Doing things right all the time also involves making sure their service is fit for purpose, and that the service is what the customer is expecting. In an environment where customers are faced with increasing choice, getting this concept right is very important. Time is also a commodity for customers and therefore organisations need to ensure that their service delivery is fast and minimises the waiting period for customers, and this includes queue management. The ability to deliver on time and to the right specifications enhances an organisation's dependability advantage, as customers prefer consistency in their suppliers. Another important aspect of service delivery is the flexibility advantage, which goes hand in hand with choice. Most service organisations will offer variety and flexibility in a bid to stop their customer from going to one of their competitors. Another final important aspect of the service delivery process is the cost advantage which means costing its services appropriately and ensuring the cost reflects the quality of the service provided. This essay shall analyse service delivery at Top Shop which is a clothing retailer to illustrate the importance of this concept, and will proceed with a critical evaluation of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in relation to service delivery. Top Shop is one of the Uni... These fashions also come in a wide variety and have limited store availability times attached to them, which further increases the perceived value and quality of the clothing items. In a bid to diversify, Top Shop has launched its Top Shop To Go service in London which is a free personal shopping service that aims to bring requested styles, colours and sizes to a location of the customer's choice, be it the home, office or hotel room. This service also gives the shopper the opportunity to try on clothes, and receive guidance and advice from the style advisor in their own surroundings. This service is very similar to the Ann Summers and Virgin Vie parties, which brings groups of people together in one place, and the Top Shop representative can effectively market to this group. This setting also introduces new customers and is more likely to generate sales of the new customers, due to social pressure, especially if everyone else in the group has purchased an items or items. This is an extension and improvement to Top Shop's service delivery channels, which it views as necessary in order for it to stay ahead of its competitors. Top Shop is a fashion retailer based on the high street, with service delivery though the internet and its new service, Top Shop To Go. This means that the customers come to Top Shop, as they are in control the demand. Therefore locating in a central location, which is accessible such as the high street, will ensure that Top Shop makes itself visible to all potential customers. The internet is another channel for service delivery, however, this could never be the sole channel, as customers still prefer to try on clothes and shoes before

Scams in India Essay Example for Free

Scams in India Essay Everything seems to be dank and dark today. Every political party is being exposed in corruption issues, some small, some large, some beyond comprehension. Inflation is rampant, IIP is down, GDP growth is shrinking, reforms seem to be in cold storage, the sovereign ratings of the country head south, the rupee is struggling, FDI inflows come down to a trickle. There is nothing to cheer about, it seems. Yes, there is, if you look hard enough. Take the case of former BMC chief Subodh Kumar and his attempt to take a post-retirement job with Essel group. Hindustan Times, in a news report, linked Kumar to an approval that was sought by the Essel group, using his discretionary powers. That was the end of that. The Subodh Kumar episode demonstrates that, in today’s environment, there is little that will escape scrutiny by media. It might be a small, insignificant episode, but it is a pointer of the state of the nation and the nation’s attitude towards corruption. There is no more ‘respect’ for the ‘sanctity’ of the office of the prime minister, as has been proven by the attempts to gherao his residence as if he were no different from the manager of a factory in West Bengal in the Left agitations in the 1970s. As far as media is concerned, there is no holy cow any more. News media, in all forms, does not hesitate to name wrongdoers and alleged wrongdoers, starting with the lowliest of government servants and rising to the office of the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister himself. It is only a CAG who can fearlessly interrogate the government. That is why the founding fathers of the Constitution have provided that the CAG cannot be removed and he has to be impeached in the same manner as a Supreme Court judge,† says former Solicitor General Gopal Subramaniam in The Hindu. Institutions of government, too, have no fear of politicians and those in positions of power. It is now normal and routine for the government (central and state) to be pulled up by the CAG, by courts at every level, by news media, by social activists and ‘RTI’ activists. There is no more ‘respect’ for the ‘sanctity’ of the office of the prime minister, as has been proven by the attempts to gherao his residence as if he were no different from the manager of a factory in West Bengal in the Left agitations in the 1970s. Each of these developments point to an India that will be forced to become more accountable and less corrupt. Attempts by some sections, such as the BJP, to jump on to the anti-corruption bandwagon and project themselves as an honest alternative to the Congress have come to naught, with both activists and the media bracketing the BJP with the Congress when it comes to corruption. Social media is playing a significant role as well, in amplifying the reach of the critics of the political classes. A constantly biased news media is close to impossibility – critics can reach millions of their followers in milliseconds, who in turn, spread the anti-establishment messages and debunk the official spin. No political party is safe. As far as the business community is concerned, the Adarsh scam, the 2G scam and Coalgate all send telling signals. Corrupting politicians and bureaucrats is no longer a guarantee for quick and easy licenses and profits. The scams are exposed with regularity, and we see, increasingly, ill-founded decisions being reversed – which reverses the fortunes of the corrupter. We’ve seen this is the Adarsh scam and the 2G scam – and we’ll doubtless see this in Coalgate. The frenetic pace of change, beginning with Anna Hazare’s fast in April 2011, has caught the political establishment off-guard. They’re unused to the intense and unrelenting scrutiny, in misdemeanors large and small. The last few months, beginning with Coalgate, have underlined that this is the new state of affairs. Wrongdoing will be caught, sooner or later. There is nothing and no one that is sacred and out of bounds. The toothpaste is out of the tube, and it cannot be put back. This heralds a new India. Even without the Lokpal, the corrupt (in the large cases of corruption) are being exposed and brought to book. More will be exposed and more will be caught. This means that we will see more of such headlines, more politicians exposed and more of the corrupters finding themselves tangled in the web. It’ll mean months of pain – perhaps even years of pain. But, in the end, we will see India becoming less corrupt and we will see politicians more accountable. It may seem dank and dark today, but the thought that, as a result of all that is happening today, we could see a brighter and more prosperous India, is a spectacular sliver lining.

The origins and aims of Dependency Theory

The origins and aims of Dependency Theory Dependency theory was established in 1950s by Raul Prebisch. Prebisch and his friends developed it in an attempt to understand why some countries in the world remained underdeveloped. There was a concern that the richer nations were prospering while poverty heightened in the underdeveloped nations (Kendall, 2010). During that time, research showed that the economic practices in the wealthy nations were instrumental in the poor countries deterioration. These results contrasted with the neoclassical theory that had stated that economic growth benefited all the countries. According to Prebisch, the exports made by the poor countries directly benefited the rich countries since they use them as the raw materials for their industries. Surprisingly, these rich countries export the end products to the poor countries. Consequently, the rich countries earn foreign exchange at the expense of the poor countries (Kegley, 2009). Some of them include the small internal markets in the underdeveloped countries, failure of the poor countries to make a change, and restriction of the poor countries to export their products. It is for this reason that the scholars developed the theory of dependency. Consequently, scholars developed the dependency theory in an attempt to justify the intensity of poverty in the underdeveloped countries (Pfeffer, 2003). Earlier on, the neoclassical theory condemned the poor countries, attributing their economic status to their delay in handling making important economic decisions. However, the dependency theory opposed their views with claims that poverty in these countries resulted from exploitations by the capitalists (Ghosh, 2000). The dependency theorists argued believe that the international imperialists are instrumental in the perpetuation of dependency in the poor countries. One of these theorists is Andre Gunder Frank who asserts that further underdevelopment of the poor countries is caused by the capitalists economic practices (Daft, 2010). Dependency theory is based on the Marxist theories that explain the reasons for the international inequality. They assert that economic elites use idealism and realism ideologies in order to justify disparities among the wealthy and poor countries worldwide (Brewer, 2010). Therefore, dependency theory bases its arguments on the Marxist theories. Dependency theory argues that the developed countries use the concept of class to establish certain strategies that guard and support their needs. There are certain principles of the dependency theory that are based on the Marxist theory. First, it states that the world is segmented into certain classes based on economy rather than politics. It asserts that the economy is superior to politics. Therefore, the theory holds that the imperialists created global state system so as to address the interests of the rich countries and organizations (Johnson, 2009). This explains the ongoing poverty in the poor countries, and prosperity in the wealthy nations. The rich and the poor countries form vital parts of the world system. That is the rich countries are that the central rich nations that posses and prosper from the natural resources (John, 2007). On the other hand, the poor countries give the majority of the human and natural resources that the rich nations exploit. Therefore, the rich nations take advantage of the poor countries resources in furthering their economic activities. As a result, the economic gap between these countrie s widens. Additionally, the theory argues the global economic laws perpetuate the international inequality. For instance, one of these influential laws is the World Trade Organization (Ritzer, 2003). The dependency theory and the other Marxist theories try to explore ways of addressing the issue of international economic difference. One of these ways is involves the efforts to bring change among themselves. They should make viable economic decisions and policies that are capable of changing their status in a way. This means that their strategies should aim at freeing them from the economic bondage by the strong international forces. They should also champion for the reduction of the wealthy countries control on their economic activities. For example, they should seek ways of breaking the import barriers in the case of the import substitution. Although Frank is not the initiator of the underdevelopment theory, he made it very popular (Bardach, 1998). He borrowed a lot of Paul Barans work. He believes that capitalism is caused by underdevelopment in the developing countries in the world. There are certain reasons that led to the uneven development in these countries. Furthermore, Frank maintained that the increase in the imperialism in Europe is influential in transforming the world into one global system. He further explains the extent to which these capitalists had gained access to the Latin America. Subsequently, this has a negative impact on the countrys economy. This, in turn, results in uneven development across the nations. For instance, there are some places that we realize positive development while others record underdevelopment. This happens because the world system consists of the metro-polis satellite relations. These relations are used by the satellite but not committed to the satellite. Using the examples of Chile and Brazil, Frank explains that Chile had an experience of monopoly of imperialists structure (Martin, 2002). As a result, these metropolis relations facilitate a stronger bond between the capitalists and the metropolises to their respective centers. It also extends the capitalists rule to the businessmen, stockholders and the tenants. In Brazil, Frank had the same ideas on the effect of capitalism in the country. He explains the transmission of these capitalistic effects from the merchants to the tenants. Additionally, Frank elaborates on the involvement of the monopolistic system in the countries. According to him, this system involves the poor usage and wastage of a countrys resources in the system (Chilcote, 2003). The unequal expropriation and appropriations lead to the development and the underdevelopment of the countries; hence the difference in the economic status. Imperatively, Frank elaborated on the operations of the satellites and their effects on the world system. First, he explains that the political, social, and cultural aspects are linked to the metropolis. Secondly, establishes that a metropolis is having dependent progress. Thirdly, there are weak bonds between the satellites and the metropolis. The fourth idea is that strengthening of these links might result in further underdevelopment of the metropolises. Nevertheless, Frank opposed the notion that underdeveloped world had more than one economies; the current and the ancient economies. He explains that capitalism had deepened its roots in Latin America. Though these countries seemed to be doing ell economically, there was a decrease in the performance of the export industries. For example, there was a decline in the productivity of the sugar company in Brazilian North-East (Petrella, 2003). This collapse was as a result of weak ties between the metropolises. Therefore, anything that looked like feudal characteristics results from underdeveloped imperialism. There are certain criticisms of the dependency theory by certain scholars. Just like any other theory, dependency theory has its share of strengths and weaknesses. To start with, dependency theory has the following strengths. Firstly, the theory analyses the inequality existing between the poor and the rich countries. Moreover, the theory breaks some political bonds and explains reasons why the wealthy nations are taking advantage of the poor countries (Doukhan, 2003). Also, dependency theory dismisses the neoclassical theorys claim that the existing global inequality is caused by the poor countries laziness. In stead, it argues in favor of these underdeveloped countries and blames the imperialists. On the contrary, certain scholars argue that the theory has some limitations. One of the weaknesses concerns the theorist, over-generalization and over simplification. Explicitly, frank should have investigated other parts of the world other than Latin American situation. In such a situation, it is essential different parts of the world, for example, the African countries and Asia (Martin, 2002). Therefore, his ideas are not realistic in that he used a few examples in his arguments. Another weakness of the dependency theory is that does not explain other factors that lead to underdevelopment other than the role played by the wealthy nations. The terms core and periphery are different from the terms traditional and modern. Additionally, dependency theory is weak in that in Frank failed in his attempt to provide solutions to the situation. His suggestions were very unrealistic and over-ambitious. Moreover, these solutions created certain dependencies among themselves. For example, it was impossible for Cuba to disentangle itself from the economic dominion with the USA (Willer, 1999). Furthermore, Frank attempted to prove that the imperialism is the major cause of the economic difference. Instead, he bases arguments on unrealistic perceptions. In addition; the theory is weak in that Frank failed to consider all class relations in his ideas. He also misinterpreted the Marxists concepts. Frank only addresses market relations. Some critics also challenge the theory by maintaining that it will cause corruption; with the higher markets and the other markets. Corruption is quite intense in the government industries than in than in others. It also causes lack of competition in the industries of both wealthy and poor countries. The completion is as a result of the restriction of imports to the poor countries, and subsidization of inducements (Ghosh, 2000). Finally, dependence theory encompasses certain scholars such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Fernand Braudel, Giovanni Arrigi, Samir Amin, Hans Singer, Frank Gunder and Raul Prebisch. In conclusion, dependency theory is influential in explaining the international inequality in terms of economy. Dependence theory asserts that the disparity is a resultant of the imperialism by the powerful and wealthy nations in the world. Therefore, they take advantage of the poor countries, hence widening the gap between them. However, there are a lot of criticisms on the theory that display more weaknesses than the strengths. Therefore, this theory may not be suitable in the explaining global inequality.

The Nature of Victory in a War on Terrorism :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While President Bush has proclaimed a "war on terrorism" and taken measured steps in a strategic battle against terrorist groups, most prominently al Qaida, American citizens have been living lives far removed from his proclamation.   The American people have responded to the September 11th "act of war" with an outpouring of democratic rhetoric and bizarre acts of patriotism1.   Sadly, our proud demonstrations have truly ignored the reality of ensuing war. Americans have donated blood and established funds for firefighters' families, while failing to look outside of our nation with any intention of understanding the grounds for popular terrorism in Arab and Muslim states.   The American public refuses to accept that we are a nation at war because we are fighting against a culture of Islamic extremists instead of a tangible state that we can define in our minds.   Moreover, we are at war with a group of people that we do not understand and are disincli ned to learn about.   While the government of the United States fights a war, using diplomacy, financial traps, and of course, missiles and bombs, the American people must fight a war against our ignorance of the enemy.   Additionally, the American people must fight against the propaganda and war hysteria that surrounds us in our own nation in order to identify our genuine role in the war on terrorism.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     A true victory over terrorism does not lie in a successful military campaign or the destruction of one powerful terrorist network; a true victory lies in a global understanding of Arab culture and a willingness to accept certain values embraced by Arab and Muslim nations.   As our nation launches offensives against the Taliban and al Qaida, we must realize that there will never be a way to militarily or violently defeat every terrorist group in the Middle East, even if our nation may be successful in destroying al Qaida and deposing the Taliban.   There are simply too many terrorist organizations to effectively fight, owing to the popularity of the groups amongst citizens of Middle Eastern states.   The eradication of violent Islamic extremist groups will only come with the appeasement of impoverished, disgruntled, and deeply angry Arabs and Muslims.   This is something that we, as private citizens, cannot leave solely to the c harge of our national government;   in fact, this is something which our government alone cannot accomplish.   The United States will never win a "war on terrorism" if American citizens are unwilling to participate in the daily struggle against the socioeconomic and political conditions that spawn popularly supported terrorism within Middle Eastern states.

Akbar the Great

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar  (Hindi:   ,  Persian:   ? –  Jalal ud-Din Mu? ammad Akbar), also known as  Shahanshah  Akbar-e-Azam (14 October 1542   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 27 October 1605),[4][5]  was the third  Mughal Emperor. He was of  Timurid  descent; the son of Emperor  Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad  Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India.He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors. Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne in  Delhi  (February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. [6]During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful  Pashtun  descendants of  Sher Shah Suri, and at the  Second Battle of Panipat  he deci sively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king  Hemu. 7][8]  It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern and  central India  into his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful  Hindu  Rajputcaste, and by marrying a Rajput princess. [7][9] Akbar's reign significantly influenced art and culture in the country. He was a great patron of art and architecture  [10]  He took a great interest in painting, and had the walls of his palaces adorned with  murals.Besides encouraging the development of the  Mughal school, he also patronised the European style of painting. He was fond of literature, and had several  Sanskrit  works translated into Persian and Persian scriptures translated in Sanskrit apart from getting many Persian works illustrated by painters from hi s court. [10]  During the early years of his reign, he showed intolerant attitude towards Hindus and other religions, but later exercised tolerance towards non-Islamic faiths by rolling back some of the strict  sharia  laws. 11][12][13]  His administration included numerous Hindu landlords, courtiers and military generals. He began a series of religious debates where  Muslim scholars  would debate religious matters with  Hindus,  Jains,Zoroastrians  and  Portuguese  Roman Catholic  Jesuits. He treated these religious leaders with great consideration, irrespective of their faith, and revered them. He not only granted lands and money for the mosques but the list of the recipients included a huge number Hindu temples in north and central India, Christian churches in Goa. Akbar the Great Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar  (Hindi:   ,  Persian:   ? –  Jalal ud-Din Mu? ammad Akbar), also known as  Shahanshah  Akbar-e-Azam (14 October 1542   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 27 October 1605),[4][5]  was the third  Mughal Emperor. He was of  Timurid  descent; the son of Emperor  Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad  Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India.He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors. Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne in  Delhi  (February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. [6]During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful  Pashtun  descendants of  Sher Shah Suri, and at the  Second Battle of Panipat  he deci sively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king  Hemu. 7][8]  It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern and  central India  into his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful  Hindu  Rajputcaste, and by marrying a Rajput princess. [7][9] Akbar's reign significantly influenced art and culture in the country. He was a great patron of art and architecture  [10]  He took a great interest in painting, and had the walls of his palaces adorned with  murals.Besides encouraging the development of the  Mughal school, he also patronised the European style of painting. He was fond of literature, and had several  Sanskrit  works translated into Persian and Persian scriptures translated in Sanskrit apart from getting many Persian works illustrated by painters from hi s court. [10]  During the early years of his reign, he showed intolerant attitude towards Hindus and other religions, but later exercised tolerance towards non-Islamic faiths by rolling back some of the strict  sharia  laws. 11][12][13]  His administration included numerous Hindu landlords, courtiers and military generals. He began a series of religious debates where  Muslim scholars  would debate religious matters with  Hindus,  Jains,Zoroastrians  and  Portuguese  Roman Catholic  Jesuits. He treated these religious leaders with great consideration, irrespective of their faith, and revered them. He not only granted lands and money for the mosques but the list of the recipients included a huge number Hindu temples in north and central India, Christian churches in Goa.

Corrugated Box Industry

CASE STUDY: EDMUNDS CORRUGATED PARTS AND SERVICES. Larry Edmunds grimaced as he tossed his company’s latest quarterly earnings onto his desk. When Virginia-based Edmunds Corrugated Parts & Service Company’s sales surged past the $10 million mark a while back, he was certain the company was well positioned for steady growth. Today, the company, which provided precision machine parts and service to the domestic corrugated box industry, still enjoys a dominant market share and is showing profit, although not quite the profit seen in years past.However, it is no longer possible to ignore the fact that revenues were beginning to show clear signs of stagnation. More than two decades ago, Larry’s grandfather loaned him the money to start the business and then handed over the barn on what has been the family’s Shenandoah Valley farm to serve as his first factory. Today, he operates from a 50,000 square-foot factory located near I-81 just a few miles from that old barn. The business allowed him to realize what had once seemed an almost impossible goal: He was making a good living without having to leave his close-knit extended family and rural roots.He also felt a sense of satisfaction at employing about 100 people, many of them neighbors. They were among the most hard-working, loyal workers you’d find anywhere. However, many of his original employees were now nearing retirement. Replacing those skilled workers was going to be difficult, he realized from experience. The area’s brightest and best young people were much more likely to move away in search of employment than their parents had been. Those who remained behind just didn’t seem to have the work ethic Larry had come to expect in his employees.He didn’t feel pressured by the emergence of any new direct competitors. After slipping slightly a couple years ago, Edmunds’s formidable market share – based on its reputation for reliability and excepti onal, personalized service – was holding steady at 75 percent. He did feel plagued, however, by higher raw material costs resulting from the steep increase in steel prices. But the main source of concern stemmed from changes in the box industry itself. The industry had never been particularly recession resistant, with demand fluctuating with manufacturing output.Now alternative shipping products were beginning to make their appearance, mostly flexible plastic films and reusable plastic containers. It remained to be seen how much of a dent they’d make in the demand for boxes. More worrying, consolidation in the paper industry had wiped out hundreds of the U. S. plants that Edmunds once served, with many of the survivors either opening overseas facilities or entering into joint ventures abroad. The surviving manufacturers were investing in higher quality machines that broke down less frequently, thus requiring fewer of Edmund’s parts.Still, he had to admit that al though the highly fragmented U. S. corrugated box industry certainly qualified as a mature one, no one seriously expected U. S. manufacturers to be dislodged from their position as major producers for both the domestic and export markets. Edmunds was clearly at a crossroads. If Larry wanted that steady growth he’d assumed he could count on not so long ago, he suspect that business as usual wasn’t going to work. But if he wanted the company to grow, what was the best way to achieve that goal?All he knew for sure was that once he decided where to take the company from here, he would sleep better. QUESTIONS 1. What would the SWOT analysis look like for this company? 2. What role do you expect the Internet to play in the corrugated box industry? What are some ways that Edmunds could better use the Internet to foster growth? 3. Which of Porter’s competitive strategies would you recommend that Edmunds follow? Which of the strategies do you think would be least likely to succeed?

House on Mango Street Essay

Childhood: In some works of literature, childhood and adolescence are portrayed as times graced by innocence and a sense of wonder; in other works, they are depicted as times of tribulation and terror. Focusing on a single novel or play, explain how its representation of childhood or adolescence shapes the meaning of the work as a whole. Throughout the novel, The House on Mango Street a girl named Esperanza goes through many different changes as she tries discovering her true self. She evolves from insecure and not knowing anything about herself into confident and knowing where she wants her life to take her.That children must go through the experience of growing out of an innocent child into finding themselves as a person and finally developing self-confidence is highlighted in the book. At first, Esperanza starts out young, insecure, and immature. Her immaturity shows apparent when she talks about her mom holding her and says, â€Å"sweet to put your nose into when she is holding you and you feel safe† (6-7). This shows Esperanza’s insecurity because her mom remains a big source of comfort to her. She feels nice and safe all the time because her mom will act as a protection for her.In addition, Esperanza’s immaturity shows when she claims, â€Å"They are stupid people who are lost and got here by mistake† (28). This emphasizes how defensive and protective Esperanza reacts towards her neighborhood by calling them stupid when that’s just how they act. She does not try to understand their point of view. Though Esperanza maintains these characteristics, the reader will soon see her slight yet palpable maturity. As Esperanza develops as a person, she goes through another phase where she remains young and immature; however, she starts to show obvious signs of maturity and growing up.When Esperanza stands up for her sister she states, â€Å"That’s right, I add before Lucy of Rachel can make fun of her† she proves her maturity, because she thinks of others like her sister, Nenny (50). She does the right thing instead of caring about what her friends think about her. She takes on more and more responsibilities as she grows up. As she progresses, she shows hints of growing up physically and mentally, but not completely. When a group of her and her friends try heels, she says, â€Å"yes, it’s true. We have legs. Skinny and spotted with satin scars where scabs were picked, but legs, all our own, good to look at, and long† (40).They all realize that they finally have entered the first stage of growing up when they notice their slightly more womanly, adult figures. The long legs show their slight maturity, but their scars and scabs show that they still remain young. Even though the changes might only be slight they remain changes which continue to come as she grows older and finds her place in the world. Towards the end of the novel, Esperanza finally grows up and becomes self-confident. When Esperanza runs away from the â€Å"Monkey Garden†, she’s forced to grow up. â€Å"I looked at my feet in their white socks and ugly round shoes. They seemed far away.They didn’t seem to be my feet anymore. And the garden that had been such a good place to play didn’t seem mine either† (98). The play place that was once so innocent now, a junkyard reciprocates Esperanza’s innocence that slowly turns into reality. She is growing up. Additionally, she gains enough confidence and maturity to make her own life decisions, shown when she makes the important decision of where she wants her life to take her. She states, â€Å"I have decided not to grow up tame like the others who lay their necks on the threshold waiting for the ball and chain† showing Esperanza’s maturity to make her own life choices by herself (88).She finally becomes confident and independent enough to know where she wants her life to take her. Esperanza finally completes her evolution from young and immature to adult-like and confident. House on Mango Street allows children to see that they will have to grow up one way or another. People might try to experience being an adult then decide to take a step back to ignore it but, there remains no way to avoid it. Life won’t always be easy, but in the end people will discover who they are and what purpose they have in life.

CIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

CIS - Essay Example C++ is an extension of the C programming language. It is a high level third-generation programming language that was originally designed for UNIX systems. The term â€Å"C++† was coined in 1983. C is another programming language that was developed by Dennis M. Ritchie in the 1970s at Bell Labs (Codingunit.com, n.d). Bjarne Stroustrup had worked with Simula, the first object-oriented programming language. The idea of creating C++ arose from a need for features that were not possible with other languages at that time. He added object oriented features borrowed from Simula into C to create a new programming language that was fast, efficient and easier to design. C++ is currently used in desktop applications, telecommunication systems, data analysis, simulation, manufacturing systems, clinical systems, irrigation control systems, web applications, graphics design, desktop and mobile operating systems amongst other uses (Stroustrup.com, 2015). iv) Lines four and six have opening and closing braces. These braces indicate the beginning and end of the int main() function definition. The content inside the braces is the actual code that will be executed when this function is called by the program. v) The fifth line is a statement. A statement is any expression that results in the occurrence of an action in the program. The first part of the statement, std::cout, identifies the standard character output device, in this case, the screen. The insertion operator (

Toyota Economic and Recall Crisis Research Paper

Toyota Economic and Recall Crisis - Research Paper Example Toyota has 522 subsidiaries, more than 320,000 staff worldwide, more than 12 Japanese factories, and more than 51 locations in 26 countries. As of 2009, Toyota faced a crisis that almost brought about its down fall. The company had earlier faced an economic crisis that started in 2007 spreading across auto industries worldwide. Consequently, in March 2008, the company recorded its first ever loss after 70 years. Other problems that have faced Toyota include the problem with acceleration in 2009 that led to a recall of millions of vehicles. As a result of this, consumer attitudes towards the brand changed. In January 2010, complaints from customers continued and the number of recalls continued to rise. This continued through April 2010, causing a further drop in customer’s feelings towards the brand. In an attempt to retain its customers, and maintain its position as the number one global auto industry, Toyota changed its motto to â€Å"Moving Forward!† Through this, the company communicated its desire to create a new and better beginning. Gradually, the company has been gaining positive disposition from its customers. Today, Toyota has been able to rise again, even though it has lost its number one spot. Keywords: Toyota, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Production System, Manufacturers, Crisis, Automobile, Auto-maker, Gas Pedals, Acceleration, Recalls For many years, Toyota Motor Corporation has been the biggest automobile manufacturer in the world. It also is a leading advocate eco-friendly and technological cars. The company has exported millions of vehicles worldwide. Through this, it earned the reputation of being the best automobile manufacturer and exporter. Since 2007, the company has however faced a number of problems affecting both its reputation and positive customer disposition. Today, the company has however gradually regained its reputation. Toyota Motor Company was established in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda. In 1952, the company rapidly grew becoming successful (Borowski, 2010). Initially, the company exported its vehicles to South America. After five years, it was able to penetrate markets in North America. Having sold its products in North America, Toyota was able to penetrate the United States market in the business of exporting automobiles. Borowski (2010) points out that â€Å"In 1982, Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales Company joined forces to Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC)† ( p.3). â€Å"The company now has 522 subsidiaries, 320,808 staff worldwide and is producing not only in the 12 Japanese factories but also in 51 other locations in 26 countries† (Borowski, 2010, p.3). In 2007, Toyota Motor Corporation had the highest share price value among all car-manufacturers. In, 2008, Toyota made an annual turnover worth billions of United States dollars after selling millions of vehicles.. Consequently, the company gained the status of being the biggest manufacturer of automobiles. This has however changed due to the financial crisis that began in 2007, damaging Toyota’s image, and also due to over sticking gas pedals that led to many recalls worldwide. According to Ohno, a structure of theories and procedures for improving collaborative strength known as the Toyota Production System is used at Toyota to maintain the company’s productivity, and at the same time, ensure that customers are satisfied with the quality and efficient delivery of vehicles (1998). The production of Toyota automobiles evolved from Henry Ford’s historic manufacturing systems. Herny Ford manufacturing system thus paved way for the foundation of the Toyota Production System. Due to conditions in Japan, there was inherent need to make considerable improvements to Ford’

Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications Essay - 2

Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications - Essay Example For instance, the food and drug administration made an approval of a drug into the market yet it knew that the drug had serious negative effects on consumers (Jamshid, 2005). The article shows that the drug had a significant number of warning signs, which could have been avoided early enough. Merck and FDA failed to meet their responsibilities to the public; there was also a failure to submit the data to a peer-reviewed periodical and the cardiovascular information provided in the article were half-finished. As a skilled leader, such issues would not have occurred because of the knowledge the leader had regarding the drug. FDA did not take any skill to ensure that the drug underwent various trials before being approved, despite the fact that it had the command to do so. Systemic is the process that leads to almost all of a system is affected instead of a small section of the system. In terms of medicine, systemic implies influencing the whole body instead of one organ or body part (Matteson, 2007). On the other hand, systemic implies that occurring from the structure of the system and influencing the entire behavior of the whole system in systems thinking (Russell, 2010). Therefore, a problem is systemic if the conduct of most or all of its significant sections is affected. The systemic issues from the case study include the consumption of Rofecoxib drug, which resulted in affecting a large number of people who used the drug. Another issue includes the failure of the leadership at the FDA to acknowledge that they are responsible for the health of the public (Topol, 2004). In addition, Merck was only concerned in the sale of Rofecoxib despite its possible cardiovascular toxicity and the robust signs that there was an issue and that a large number of people were being exposed. The most appropriate strategy for system improvement utilizing systems thinking includes altering the essential method a system works, through transforming the framework of its main response loops. Just like from the case study, there was the withdrawal of the drug from the market after realizing it was harmful for public consumption.

Persuasive memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive memo - Assignment Example Because of this, I would like to propose a comprehensive training program that will initially focus on our front-liners as they are in direct contact with the customers. Based on the conducted survey, 44% of the customers who took time to write comments complained of slow service while 50% suggested other pastry products because of â€Å"soggy Danishes.† For employees, many of them commented about the desire to be trained. From these feedback, it can be assumed that a comprehensive training program would be welcomed by the employees and the resulting acquired skills would result to service and products customers would be happy with. The proposed training program will be specifically designed to meet the standards of the company with regard to production and customer service. The survey suggests that these are the areas that will greatly benefit from immediate training. It is also proposed that that the training program be implemented immediately while more clients are satisfied with the company’s services. A happy customer can help with the marketing and boost the company’s financial numbers. Designing and implementing any new program will incur costs. Also, even with the proper training, some employees may still not manifest the newly-acquired learning or skill. Nevertheless, given the results of the two surveys conducted and in line with the company’s business improvement program, I am of the mind that this program is important to despite the expense it will bring to the organization. It is possible that with solid research and careful planning, the potential costs and downsides of the suggested endeavor will be minimal compared to the benefits the company will attain in the future. The sooner we invest on training our employees, the sooner we can satisfy our clients and the people working for us. Based from my experience in the industry, these two groups can have a big influence on the success of any company. Capitalizing on an

A study of prinicpals' understanding of learner-centered classrooms Dissertation

A study of prinicpals' understanding of learner-centered classrooms - Dissertation Example Using a quantitative approach methodology by Creswell, 2009, the study will make use of surveys of principals from similar-sized rural elementary schools in Wisconsin. ACKOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people for whom I owe a great deal of gratitude for supporting me, not only in the completion of this dissertation, but throughout the past year. First, I would like to thank my dissertation supervisor †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, who expertly guided and motivated me over the past †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ months. Your enthusiasm is infectious and your humor is energizing. I am honored to be counted among your final group of students. Enjoy chasing those stars! Thanks are also due to the rest of the lecturers on the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ course, including research methods guru†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. who shaped me into the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. scientist I am today, course leader †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.., whose insights I have taken onbo ard will no doubt serve me well in the world of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Some of the most valuable lessons this year were imparted outside the confines of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. To my mates on the course from around the world, you were all worth the price of admission. It’s been a pleasure. I would also like to extend an exuberant High-5’ to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... Your belief in me infuses me with Herculean strength. I am eternally grateful and I love you all. DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated in loving memory to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. that always believed in my ability and encouraged me to succeed personally, spiritually and professionally. My wife †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.mother †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, Grandmother †¦... mentors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. and my entire family. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦iii DEDICATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..iv LIST OF TABLES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦viii LIST OF FIGURES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..ix CHAPTER 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...1 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 Statement of the Problem/Purpose of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Research Question†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...2 Theoretical Framework for the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Limitations of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Definition of Terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 CHAPTER