The novel as a whole Essay Example for Free

The novel as a whole EssayThis underlines where the stress in the sentence is and thus its emotions. This is determinationd to great effect with a to a greater extent dramatic description in It was wretched conditions angry and wet, stormy and wet mud, mud, mud deep in all the streets. It is hard non to coadjutor this dramatic use of language with his consciousness and intensified state of emotion thus allowing us to see how place feels by using indirect methods. positive(p) we see that it is a way the older Pip can convey the forbidding nature of the event unfolding. The clichiof stormy go is an obvious precursor of events to come, solely it works well setting the studyer for a theatrical recountment of events. Another typical feature of Dickens is to personify an object. For example the smoke came rolling pop out the chimney as though it could not bear to go out into such a night. Hence the gloomy use of the elemental weather is do even more imposing, and in this cas e makes the atmosphere seems primitive excellent weather for the return of the Magwitch who Pip first met on the untamed marshes.The use of weather with reference to the sea is made good use of in gloomy accounts had come in from the coast, of shipwreck and death, and the wind being like the discharges of cannon, or breakings of the sea. With hindsight these atomic number 18 clear references to Magwitch his duration on the sea in the hulks and the cannon remind us of that used in chapter two on the marshes to alert people to convicts. Also, the stormy rain is an omen of Magwitchs water-death struggle in the Thames. But as a first time reader these references only make subconscious links, so that their moment slowly dawns on the reader.The description of the weather is so terrifyingly dramatic that it is chilling and almost supernatural one could say that when Pip first saw Magwitch it was so traumatic that he tried to bury the experience. The pressure of the hidden memories of Magwitch deep in his subconscious have built up so much that he has managed to bring about Magwitchs return. Of course the fact that Pips benefactor is revealed to be Magwitch is clear that Pips great expectations are at an end as he can not keep the money and he isnt intended to marry Estella.This emotional upheaval in Pips life is magnificently portrayed in the narrative description of the weather leading up to Magwitchs return. Dickens personal style is clearly evident in the passage describing the stranger on the stair that he had long iron-grey hair. That his age was about sixty. That he was a muscular man, strong on his legs, and that he was browned and hardened Dickens has repeated that so as to bring into being a list, that focuses more on the detail, yet at the same time creates purpose and a gradual realisation of who the man is.Even though this use of language is not correct grammatically it conveys the point that Pip knows who it is but only just below his level of c onsciousness. The first person narrative makes a competition between the reader and Young Pip to recognise who the stranger is first, from the subtle and elusive hints of the identity of the stranger scattered throughout the passage. The footstep on the stair reminds Pip of his dead sister who like Magwitch is a ghost from the past.Incidentally, this connection between his sister also reminds the reader and probably young Pip of the guilt he felt all over his sisters beating, and hence the guilt over his stealing to help Magwitch. Pip heard the footstep stumble in culmination on which one would have done if it was a criminal wearing leg irons, that which haunted Pip the chapter FIND OUT e. g. (QUOTE). Towards the point where we finally shape out who the newcomer is, the hints become more obvious with his clothes resembling a voyager by sea and his hair being iron grey like this leg-irons. besides moments before it begins to sink in who the stranger we are told of Pips lamp it was a shaded lamp, to shine upon a book, and its circle of light was very contracted so that he was in it for a mere instant, and then out of it. The light is contracted like Pips view on life with his misconception of Miss Havisham as the source of his becoming a gentleman, yet he is slowly grasping the truth (brought by Magwitch) from subtle hints, in the same way the light only illuminates Magwitch for mere incidences.Various references to the absence of light are also made throughout the passage staircase lamps were blown out, lamps in the court were blown out, heavy veil had been driving over London and a voice from the darkness. This is predominantly an effect to make the passage more typically mysterious and gloomy. Less obvious is the connection to Estella. Pip often associated her with fire and light (her name meaning star) and she was frequently responsible for lighting Pips way in Satis house (ANY EG), but she is now a lost causal agency to Pip as it is Magwitch who is res ponsible for his fortune.Dickens almost personifies the weather when he writes a vast heavy veil had been driving over London. This implies that the weather knows the solvent of the building anticipation and that it is mirroring the news to be revealed, which will cause Pip to feel as though a vast heavy veil has been draw across his life. Again we are given a glimpse of something to come but only so much as to push our curiosity more. A further connection to Estella can be made -Magwitch is a dysfunctional father figure to Pip (he refers to Pip as my boy and himself as Pips plunk for father).This creates an ironic parallel with Estella and Miss Havisham, as both children reject their parent at some point, and we learn later that that Estella is in fact the daughter of a criminal. Thus ironically Pip and Estellas status are almost inverted, and it is through this reversal that Pip realises the values of a true gentleman and in time learns to love Magwitch and place himself in haz ardous situations for him. Near the end of the passage the first gesture that Magwitch makes is accounted by Pip as Magwitch holding out both his hands to me. This action seems obscure, even if we have realised who the stranger is. It also creates an air of mystery and suspicion even at this late stage. Also we read that Pip sees the stranger looking up with an incomprehensible air of being touched and pleased by the sight of me which contrasts dramatically with the earlier strained and red nature of the elements. The fact that Magwitch is responsible for Pips rise in social status to a gentleman is terribly ironic. Pip is at the height of his immoral drive due to his uninformed view of what makes a gentleman (appearance, money and mixing with like people i.e. shunning lower class people such as Joe). In comparison with Magwitchs humble Master references to him, Pip has inadvertently played up to the image of a gentleman that Magwitch has shunned and tried to get revenge at i. e. Compeyson. The passage is the beginning of Chapter 39 and it is only from this chapter onwards that Pip stops misreading events (for example he finds out who is his benefactor), therefore this chapter is primary in harm of plot development.Yet, Dickens pays close attention to detail with frequent hints to the theme throughout the passage in subtle references (looked at previously) that sustain the drama and dark, sift atmosphere, all of which contribute to the sense of expectation. By Chee Date April 2001 For Mrs Hill Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written go of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

International and Comparative Relations Essay Example for Free

Inter bailiwick and Comparative Relations EssayAs the number of hired workers in companies raises so be the Human Resources Managers facing more challenges as they postulate to maintain a competitive edge in their business both at home and abroad. Chinas launching into the World Trade Organization created fresh opportunities which resulted to nearly(a) firms retreating and others expanding (Bamber, Lansbury Wailes, 2004), making the entry of foreign firms to be faced by challenges than it was in the 1970s and thus raze the HR managers are in for a challenge since they have to carefully know how to tackle the culture of post-WTO China so as to have an useful HRM systems. According to Lucas (2004) it is important to understand the HRM challenges facing foreign firms in China and how to overcome them. According to information given by interviewees, who included senior managers and cloak-and-dagger equity specialists, it was discovered that the Western baby-sit of HRM may n on solve the challenges.Firms had to come out with ideas on how to manage military man resources in response to the changing environment in China. To know how the firms were doing this, interviews were conducted rather than survey instrument (Deery Mitchell, 1999). After the interviews it was noted that the strategies of the HR in China differed from those of the West.For instance one of the HR process in China is selection of people they want to work in their companies. Some private successful firms wanted young people who are from schooltime others selected people who do not drink or smoke. While firms really wanted to remove redundant employees in their companies, some of the managers that were interviewed said that on that point was bring in organized over-staffing. Again in the stretch out of employee contribution to encourage employee contribution there had to be change of mentality like their association of mistakes with penalties.It was noted that many another(prenom inal) employees in the foreign firms were afraid to do anything outside their job description thus the HRM policies were encouraged to aim at helping these employees. thither was also the issue of training programs in which they should also teach about what is wrong and its solution. One way of helping these employees according to (Verma, Kochan Lansbury, 1995) was to train them well in their jobs so as to extend even beyond their job description. This however has to be encouraged through creation of friendly environment involvement in risk taking. at that place is also another problem of lack of ground rules that are well-established which results to interference with the operations. Some individuals have the power to stop some industries from operating. The foreign firms thus look at to know the relevant person in that location. The HR has the role to select well-connected people in management team (Morgenstern, 1984).Even in some companies they need the individuals they want to hire for their jobs to have connections with government bodies or powerful individuals so as they depose link them in case of a problem. The HR also plays the role of change agent (Blanpain, Lansbury Park, 2002) where they help firms implement impudent programs, improve processes and transform positively the organizations culture. craft relationship is vital as the employers need to have good relationship with their existing employees as well as their new ones so as to avoid problems at the place of works so increasing workplace productivity. This however can be complex as sometimes the employees can find the rules set by the employers quite challenging. As human the way we choose to control our goal maybe diametric from what the organization wants. The organization needs people who can interact with others to be productive to the company.The function relation constitutes of three sides that is the employers, employees and the law. In addition there are employment rights. In different countries and cities we have different way of treating employees and companies also have got different policies. body of work relationships are faced by challenges such as competitive pressures, technological change as this may result to either the employer seeking new employees who have got the most updated technological skills or requiring the old employees to update their skill by going back to class of which other will not experience the idea, changing of owns behaviors this may lead to disappointment to either party.As time goes by the employee-employer relationship changes. This according to Blanpain, Lansbury Park (2002) can be brought about by societal, organizational or individual changes. From the parliamentary procedure point of view changes in the relationship is as a result developments in our society for example the heathen norms influence and the values that are related to exchanges.The organization together with the employee composes the second and thi rd sources of changes in employment relationship. The organization and the employer both are part of the society and are both influenced by the same structural factors and dynamic change processes. However they still have some differences as the desires of the organization and those of the employee may not necessarily converge.For instance the organization may require organizational flexibility to cope with the competitiveness. Similarly the employee desire and expectations of the organization may change for example an employee with a family probably with small children will want the employers flexibility to provide good balance between his job and his private life as an important issue.There seems as if the traditional labor laws are less effective in determining the employment relationships in many countries (Dickens Neal, 2006). The pressure for flexibility in firms has direct to changes in the employment relations. These changes have been linked to societal factors.In 1999-200 0, twenty-seven Dutch Organization (Bach, 1999) a questionnaire was distributed to groups of employees. The data that was gathered from a sample that correspond the working population showed that the younger and older employee was underrepresented and there was over representation of people between 25 and 44 years.This is a contradiction to the Chinese ascendance who wanted younger people. The questionnaires also assessed individual characters, employee obligations toward the company and employer obligation toward the employee. It was noted that most employees aired out their opinions on several issues affecting them and they were thinking beyond their jobs. This is unlike in China where due to fear of intimidation employees were afraid to air out their opinions.A comparative study of employment systems in the US and Japan was achieved by use of game-theoretic framework (Rapra Technology Limited, 2005) here the employment system was seen as an equilibrium outcome of interactions a mong management, labor, and government. In both countries, the relations evolved from ones associated with short-term contracts and company-wide employee representation. While Japan continued in the same path, the U.S experienced a breakdown of implicit contract during the Great Depression (Mortimer Leece, 1994).It is important to study internationally comparative employment relations so as to contribute to our knowledge about the employment relations in other countries and also to provide model for the development of policy. Due to globalization, there is increased economic connectedness hence the need to learn about employment relations practices in other countries. In addition it also helps with theory construction. International comparison requires acceptance of reference point.Employment relations in Britain as accordance to Jenkins (2000) was characterized with formation of unions which marked a big growth up until the World War II when due to a rising number in unemployment the membership of the unions declined.This was also caused by underemployed jobs and concentration in the private sector where unions found it hard to recruit. Unlike most other Western European countries, Britain (Sparrow Cooper, 2003)has one main union alliance that is the Trades Union Congress(TUC) that was established in 1868.Between 1980 and 1990 private sector firms membership of employers associations fell sharply before it started to rise again slightly in the 1990s.The state plays a very important role in employment relations either directly and/or indirectly. The changing pattern of employment relation in Britain reflects some trends which may include de-industrialization, proportion increase in services and growth of a typical employment.Employment relation in United States of America can be started in 1930s (Stuart Martinez- Lucio, 2005) when the US unions first arose as a seemingly permanent force. Between 1940-1950 the unions grew tremendously and in 1960s and 1970 s alter government employment into sector with strong unions.Employers organizations in USA are relatively unimportant and unlike in other countries there have not been any employers confederations. By 1985 the depth of union membership crisis was acknowledged and new forms of employee participation appeared in some workplaces. Though in the early 1990s there was a strong economic recovery (Bender Theodossiou, 1996), there was growing polarisation in employees labor market experiences. By 2000 the pressures from globalisation increased. The non-union sector has marked a tremendous growth in spite of the labour laws being enforced.REFERENCESAlmond, P Ferner, A 2006, American multinationals in Europe managing employment relations across national borders, Oxford University Press, MelbourneBach, S 1999, Public Service Employment Relations in Europe Transformation, Modernization Or Inertia?, RoutledgeBamber, G, Lansbury, R Wailes, N 2004, International and Comparative Employment Rela tions Globalisation and the Developed Market Economies, 4th ed, SAGE, Boca Raton, FLBender, K Theodossiou, I 1996, International Comparisons of the Real Wage-employment Relationship, University of AberdeenBlanpain, R, Lansbury, R Park, Y 2002, The Impact of Globalisation on Employment

Theories and Types of Depression

Theories and Types of DepressionFV17-002 Depression Seeing the Different Shades of the Blues surrounded by men and WomenDepression comes in many shades of blue. Children and teens act surface. Women bump miserable. Men may get angry and reckless. The elderly oftentimes feel hopeless. And a lot of people regardless of gender may feel in-between, or all of the above.Erica Westly of Scientific American writes, To Emily Dickinson, it was fixed melancholy. To essayist George Santayana, it was rage dispense thin. The phrases argon describing the same emotion depression. As these famous writers illustrate, depression and its manifestations vary from individual to individual. The symptoms can be generalized, but the variations make it difficult to discern for anyone with an wild eye.Figuring Depression in that location are over 150 million people around the world who are saddled with depression, says the World Health Organization, representing nearly four percent of the adult po pulation. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Pre spillion (CDC), however, the prevalence of adult depression (aged 40 to 59) in the United States is roughly 10 percent. Whether the higher figure is due to higher prevalence or because more Americans are aware of it and seeking treatment, one thing is obvious-the alarming statistics deserve attention.There are many other interesting figures about depression. According to Healthline, the incidence and prevalence rates vary by gender, age, and ethnicity. In particular, it says, Women are twice as likely to have depression, and symptoms of depression, as men of the same age. This is confirmed by other sources, including the CDC. These figures prove that indeed, depression has different shades or hues.Depressive Differences between Men and WomenAside from the fact that women are more susceptible to depression, there is growing evidence that they may also experience its symptoms differently from men. Recognizing these differe nces in the depressive symptoms between men and women is important for their successful diagnosis and treatment. According to the Scientific American article, For women, the primary emotion of depression is usually sadness. For men, it is more typically anger or irritability, often coupled with recklessness. Consequently, the chance of men ignoring the symptoms and going untreated is higher.What could be causing these differences? According to Mental Health America, the contributing gos to the vulnerability of women to depression include biologic and social or cultural factors.The biological factors include developmental, reproductive, hormonal, genetic and other biological differences (e.g. premenstrual syndrome, childbirth, infertility and menopause). PMS (premenstrual syndrome) and PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) arent really unusual among women. well-nigh 20 to 40 percent experience PMS, and 3 to 5 percent are estimated to experience PMDD. The symptoms include depressiv e symptoms the week before their monthly period.The social factors, on the other hand, include stress from work, family responsibilities, the roles and expectations of women and increased rates of sexual abuse and poverty.Cultural vs. Biological The Science behind the Differences Could it be biological that depressed women are more vulnerable and sad and that men have the tendency to be angry and rash? Or is it cultural?Some experts believe that there should be no significant differences in symptoms between the genders, because the brain chemistry of depression is basically the same for both. They believe that social norms and expectations influence how the symptoms are expressed. This could be wherefore depressed men are likely to be frustrated about not getting their work done or be angry and vent it on another person. Conversely, women are more likely to feel sad, so they avoid people and experience problems with eating and sleeping.These cultural believers, however, may be fai r a minority. More experts today support the idea that biology plays an important role in depression. There is growing evidence that the different sex hormones influence both vulnerability to depression and its symptoms. This isnt surprising, considering that these are the chemicals that define the basic sexual differences. The evidence that sex hormones affect brain chemistry is undeniable, from the womb and throughout life. though the brain chemistry is basically the same for the two genders, the interactions of the male and female sex hormones (and their varying levels) with the neurotransmitters could be different, explaining the vulnerability and symptom differences.Seeking Help from individual Who Understands the Different Hues of DepressionWhen men manifest recklessness and irritability for no apparent reason, it could be a sign of depression, even when they arent sad. When overwhelmed by responsibilities, women may feel sad, and it could be a depressive symptom. An independ ent therapist contracted with Carolina Counseling Services in Fuquay-Varina, NC, can wait on you make the distinction and help you sort out what your specific symptoms mean.Whether the varying shades of depression between genders are related to biology or culture is immaterial. Everyone needs help when depressive symptoms grip them. Seeking help from an expert is a good first step look for a therapist who understands depression and its varying hues.

Adoption of New Media in 1990s

Adoption of unfermented Media in ninetiesInterviews with chosen age groups about their media experience during the end of adoption of youthful media in 1990sReferring to the origins of the radical changes in the development of the media and the social and policy-making life of the country as a whole, related to the transition of the reform of the Soviet system, it should be state that the transition of Russian journalism was met with sincere understanding and sympathy. Creative people could non help but sympathize with the atmosphere of free thought, pluralism of opinions, rarely available in obtaining political information all(a) that accompanied the first steps of restructuring.It is a system of political and ideological control by the state, a crisis of supreme power and crisis bottom came to the fore and determined all the decisive change of life media. No major shifts in the economy and, above all, political reform, the egression of political freedom in society affects the early years of establishment and development of a new yarn-dyeing system. It must be noted that the invite itself has a strong impact on the overall government policy.In the period from 1985 to 1990 journalism with almost no legislative base tried to work through the information revolution.Changes in the relations between the state and the media in this situation were inevitable. On the one hand, the media have become much less manageable. At the analogous date long before August 1991 Soviet periodicals were divided into two main groups, depending on the publications related to the Communist Party as the leading cram of the state. Being Support to the party and the government, communist press was provided (The Truth, Glasnost and the local party newspaper). Democratic press (Arguments and Facts, News, Spark, Komsomolskaya Pravda), on the contrary , formally criticized the authorities.State influence in the media remained significant. Back in June 1990, it was decided to e stablish All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company. In May 1991, Russian television aired.After the victory of Yeltsin in the elections this course was pronounced with even more importance. Ultimately, it led to the creation of a fundamentally new system of media. First of all, the Russian government has taken despotic steps to establish control over the most influential electronic media. In particular, it is already August 21, 1991 Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued a decree On mass media in the Russian Federation. In accordance with the Decree of the All-Union Television and Radio Company (Radio and Television of the USSR) was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Government of Russia.Following this, began the process of transferring to the Russian authorities in the submission of information agencies. In September 1991, on the basis of the information agency News (IAN) and the Russian Information Agency (RIA) was created by Russian Information Agency News. Presidential Decree of 22 August 1991 RIA News was transferred to the Ministry of Press and Information. In 1993, RIA News has become public information and analytic agency. TASS (Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union) became the Information Telegraph Agency of Russia (ITAR-TASS) in January 1992, after the collapse of the USSR .To a large extent the attention of society and journalists themselves at this time was focused on general political issues, to the confrontation of different political forces. Given the fact that in the period under review, the media played a critical role in politics, providing a huge impact on the public consciousness, it must be emphasized that for its part, the authorities have deepened the schism media on political grounds.The political face of the press is determined depending on the ratio of the government and President Yeltsin. In 19921993 years the Russian leadership was divided into two fence center of power executive and legislative, soon on thi s topic has been allocated four groups press. The first government media (Russian news), the second press organs of the Supreme Council (Russian newspaper), the third popular press (most independent from government agencies editions of the News), which are of varying severity, but supported the action government fourth patriotic press (Soviet Russia), sharply criticized the regime of the death chair and the government. Media in this situation are in the role of one of the main prizes.In the context of liberalization of public life in the 1990s is all the way a trend of rapid growth in the number of newspapers and magazines. According to the Ministry of Press and Information in 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed in 3353 Russia came out of the magazine and newspaper 4863. In 1996, there were 27,000 registered. It is clear that the number of registered newspapers and magazines are not equal to the number actually coming editions. But even accepting this amendment, it is depe ndable to say that in five years the total number of periodicals rose, at least two or three times.However, circulation was falling. It should be noted that the basis of a collapse of circulation, were some(prenominal) reasons. The first of them long economic crisis, lower the material standard of many millions of Russians and the associated decline in fact reader demand for print periodicals. In addition, the crisis has worsened the financial and economic situation of newspapers and magazines. Sharply risen in price Printing, Paper has risen, the cost of postal services for delivery of publications to readers has liberal several times.Despite the significant drop in circulation, newspapers and magazines continue to play an grievous role in the lives of Russians. Periodicals read nearly 99% of the population.The emergence of a large number of new publications contributed to the emergence in the late XX century qualitatively different technologies for their manufacture and produ ction. Globalization occurred satellite networks transmit information. New technology allowed the media are hundreds and thousands of kilometers from the epicenter of events connected to him, to be immediately aware of them in the central and crucial details.During these years, there were created the relatively inexpensive technical capabilities, which make process of making paper much faster and cheaper. The computer technology developed quickly and at a high level imposed the newspapers and magazines. The call off printing improved with its ability to produce multi-color and multi-edition. All this was not in the majority of Russian editions and printers even at the end of the 1980s.thither are several examples of journalists from the different generations and their thoughts on trends in the development of raw journalism in general.Genrikh Borovik writer, playwright, journalist, a prominent public figure, political scientist, one of the most prominent figures of modern Russia.W hen he was asked about whether or not you think that the time of international journalism goes, he rep reposed No. There are incompetent journalists, they were before, that just chasing sensation, lie or so sharply adhere to certain positions that do not take any arguments that would be contrary to their position. It is harmful. But we have a circle of journalists who are well versed in the situation in the world.The second example, Alex Pimanov Russian journalist, producer, director, television presenter and politician.In an interview, he said that the problem is that we, unfortunately, gain and further away from professional journalism. Come to journalism immediate, sensational. Very quickly get into the trend, falling into some information flow, in some trendy, lets call it so. There is, unfortunately, a lot of people who are going to make a career at all costs, and in our area too.They are hungry for fame and struggle, provoke, go on some things on the verge of falling, espec ially without thinking about the consequences. For example, I always teach their journalists that before you say something, look before you bouncing and think about it. It is time. And second, never out with everything you know, until the very end. I do not believe that if someone somewhere once posted something revelatory, it immediately attacked. It does not happen. It is clear also that this is some kind of a long story.And if you ask the unsalted man that what is the media for him in general, the answer is clear Internet. Now all young people havent read any newspapers and the magazines are leafed of it beautiful pictures. As Internet, even if you take more concrete, the social network has replaced all other media. We can get any information only by activating our Facebook or twitter page.So, at the beginning of the 1990s, that is still in the period of the Soviet Union, the new system starts to develop the Russian media. Signs it is clearly read in a variety of forms. With c ountless new media, radio stations, TV bring of diverse content and sense entertainment, advertising and so on. Along with the print media developed broadcasting.New historical conditions of life of the Russian Federation has become an important factor in the formation of a new type of mass journalism. It was necessary to determine the place that was to take the press in a egalitarian society approves. The process, which began in the early 1990s, has led to some changes in the social structure of the press, television, radio and more meaningful understanding of needs of the audience, promote new forms and methods of media. Change and social, spiritual, and professional guidelines of journalism.

Chemical Bonding Essay

Chemical Bonding EssayAnna FyodorovaAll elements are made of atoms which combined with each otherwise assortment new atoms. They come together in large or small numbers to form very similar or very diverse atoms and as a result of the combination it is cognize as a chemical bond. Atoms linked together by bonds go for different properties to the original fire atoms. at that place are only about 100 chemically different types of atoms which make up millions of substances in the world by world combined together. The cardinal main types of chemical bonds the bean bond in compounds which occurs between a metallic element and a non-metal and the covalent bond occurring between the two atoms of non-metallic element or between different elements of two atoms.In ionic boding metal and non-metal atoms when combined together loose or gain negatrons so they can have a complete outer shell. As an example if sodium which has an electron configuration 2, 8, 1 loses an electron it is lef t with stable structure neon which has electron configuration 2, 8. However sodium atom still has one more proton than electrons in the orbit around the nucleus. As a result of protons having authoritative boot the sodium atom has now become a positively charged sodium ion. The electronic structure of sodium ion is written as 2, 8+. There are atoms that similarly gain electrons during reactions and they gain noble gas structure. For example, Chlorine has electronic structure of 2, 8 , 7. To have the stable electronic structure of argon it inevitably to gain a unmarried electron becoming 2, 8, 8. Chlorine has now got more electrons than positively charged protons and is known as a chloride ion carrying a single negative charge. The electronic structure of chloride ion is written as 2,8,8. Ionic bonds are formed by atoms reacting together that need to gain and to loose electrons. For example, when sodium and atomic number 17 react together they need to form stable ions which occur by sodium losing an electron and chlorine gaining one. Below is a lewis diagram that shows an example of ionic attach by formation of sodium chloride (NaCl). (Brown, 2009)The oppositely charged ions are held together by the strong attraction forces that during ionic bonding form the positive and negative ions. As a result of these bonds between the charged particles a giant structure of ions is formed. To break all the bonds would take a lot of brawniness as the ions in the giant structure are being held together strongly therefore the ionic compounds have a high boiling and break up points. Sodium chloride is a good example of an ionic substance. It is known as NaCl or common salt and by being a crystalline steady it has a high boiling point of 1413oC and melting point of 801oC. Below is a diagram of a sodium chloride giant ionic structure.Two nonmetal atoms reacting together seek to gain and share electrons to achieve a structure of a noble gas and become stable. The atoms a re held together by the inactive attraction of the pair of electrons concentrated in between the two nuclei. This is known as a covalent bond. A corpuscle is formed when atoms are being held together by the covalent bonds. Below is an example of a covalent bond of two hydrogen atoms. (Brown, 2009)Multiple bonds can be formed by atoms sharing more than one electron pair. Two electron pairs or total of four electrons form a double bond and three electron pairs or total of six electrons form a triple bond. An example of multiple bonds is Oxygen and Nitrogen as they both exist as diatomic whits containing double bonds. Below is an example of single, double and triple bonds. (Brown, 2009)Covalent compounds at a room temperature can be found in a form of a solid, gas or water and in a solution generally do not conduct electricity. Two chlorine atoms form a non-polar covalent bond by being equally dual-lane as the difference in electronegativity between them is zero. Covalent bonds tha t have unequal shared electrons between the atoms is a polar bond.Polar and nonpolar molecules have the attractive forces between them which determine the strength and properties of these bonds and are known as intermolecular forces. There are three types of intermolecular forces and they play an important role in changes of state in molecular compounds. In covalent bonds the strength of intermolecular forces depends on the size and shape of molecules, which will determine if the bond will have a higher, or lower boiling or melting points. (Goodman, 1960)Dispersion (also known as Van der Waals) forces exist between all molecules polar or nonpolar and without these forces nonpolar molecules cannot ever form a solid or a liquid. Molecules with more electrons will generate bigger oscillating and induced dipoles. These produce larger attractive forces between molecules.A dipole-dipole interaction is when a polar molecule will attract another polar molecular by the small + and - charges. This gives a weak intermolecular force called a permanent-dipole interaction. Below is an example of intermolecular forces between Hydrogen and chlorine molecules.There is strong intermolecular attraction in hydrogen bonds between a polar hydrogen and one molecule and single pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom of Fluorine, Oxygen and Nitrogen on a different molecule. (Mikeblaber.org, 2014)There are specific properties of water arising from hydrogen bonding. Solid is less dense than liquid, therefore particles in solids are usually packed slightly closer together than in liquids. comparatively strong hydrogen bonds hold water molecules apart in an open latt nut case structure. Below is an example of an open hydrogen-bonded latt shabu of ice as ice is less dense than water.Hydrogen bonds have a high melting and boiling point, therefore theres a relatively strong attraction of H-bonds and H2O. The H-bonds are extra forces, over and above dispersion forces. These extra forces result in higher melting and boiling points than would be expected from just dispersion. When the ice lattice breaks, hydrogen bonds are broken. (Gent and Richie, 2008).BibliographyBrown, C. (2009).Higher level Chemistry. Pearson.Chemwiki.ucdavis.edu, (2014).Introduction to Chemical Bonding Chemwiki. online Available athttp//chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Quantum_Mechanics/09._The_Hydrogen_Atom/Atomic_Theory/Chemical_Compounds/Introduction_to_Chemical_BondingAccessed 6 Dec. 2014.Docbrown.info, (2014).Introduction to CHEMICAL BONDING diagrams descriptions What is a chemical bond? why do atoms bond together? gcse igcse A Level GCE AS A2 O Level chemistry revision notes. online Available athttp//www.docbrown.info/page04/4_72bond.htmAccessed 6 Dec. 2014.Gent, D. and Ritchie, R. (2008).OCR A2 chemistry. Oxford Heinemann.GOODMAN, C. (1960). Ionic-Covalent Bonding in Crystals.Nature, 187(4737), pp.590-591.Herschbach, D. (2003). Cohesion A Scientific History of Intermolecul ar Forces.Physics Today, 56(11), pp.68-68.Mikeblaber.org, (2014).Covalent Bonding. online Available athttp//www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Bonding/Covalent/Bond04.htmAccessed 6 Dec. 2014.Www2.hkedcity.net, (2014).Ionic Bond. online Available athttp//www2.hkedcity.net/sch_files/a/lsc/lsc-chem/public_html/nss/fundamental/bonding/Ionic/eg1a.htmAccessed 6 Dec. 2014.

Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers :: essays research papers

The second movie report I chose to do was The Lord of the Rings The Two Towers. This movie is a sequel of the first and is the second of three. It continues the extensive and interesting story about two young men who set out to safe their country of Middle Earth. Everything relies in their hands and the Ring of Sauron must be destroyed. The second movie left off right where the first ended and it was even better than the first I thought.Frodo and surface-to-air missile find themselves woolly in the rocky hills west of the river and know that Gollum, the creature wanting the Ring, is following them closely. They manage to capture the corrupt creature and keep him with them for a while. Since Frodo is carrying the Ring as Gollum once did, he pities and feels sorry for the ugly creature. Frodo agrees to let Gollum go and Gollum agrees to guide Frodo and Sam to the Black Gate, the entrance to Mordor. It is in these gates and up in the nap where the Ring must be destroyed. Gollum sw ears by the Ring to succeed its master which is Frodo and Frodo accepts the promise. Sam by the way is worried and remains suspicious. Frodo suffers to call Gollum by his neat name which is Smagol. Smagol seems very eager and willing to please Frodo.Gollum leads them through hills and swamps that were all haunted and not safe for them, especially for Frodo who possesses the Ring. During some time, Sam overhears Gollum talking to himself saying how he was going to kill the Hobbits and take the Ring from Frodo. As the viewer, you begin to see two sides of Gollum. One side he wants to obey Frodo while the other side he wants the Ring for himself and that is where he is pure evil.Once Sam and Frodo reach the Black Gate as Gollum promised to take them to, they begin to realize that it is hopeless to go through the gate and continue their quest. There is no way to approach unseen and it is too dangerous for Frodo with Orcs and Sauron being so close. Gollum begs them not to enter and re veals that there is a better way to get into Mordor safely. Even though it is difficult and dangerous, it is much safer keeping away from the enemy.

Understanding Consumer Choices and Behaviors Essay -- furniture, qualit

The IKEA brand is associated with simple, low cost, stylish products. The concept was furnishing products and house-wares that had wide appeal to a variety of markets and segments, both consumer and the business market exclusively. Both markets were looking for for well styled, high quality furniture that reasonably priced and readily available. Initially, IKEA did not customize its products to local markets, but kept to standardized products and operations cosmeawide. This standardized outline of internationalizing minimized costs. IKEA developed a model for the business, where it was able to keep costs low. From the customer point of view, they were able to buy low cost furniture, however they had to erect and collect the flat-packed furniture from stores. IKEA to was able to reduce costs, as this costly part of the value chain was carried out by the customer. IKEA had excellent international procurement. Thirty buying offices were created to source from over 1,400 suppliers wo rldwide, IKEA negotiated prices that were between 20-40% lower than competitors for comparable goods. IKEA was successful at i) identifying worldwide suppliers and ii) managing quality and iii) prices with suppliers, to keep margins low. It had excellent supply chain management and utilised the latest IT infrastructure. Due to the sheer number of orders and components required by the company - IKEA developed an efficient system for ordering from suppliers, integrating them into products and delivering them to stores. This was achieved by a world network of 14 warehouses. Inventory was stored - and the IT system managed supply and demand to stores, keeping inventory costs low. Anticipating the needs and wants of customers. IKEA was successful in product desi... ...) Social creativity and the Social Function of DIY Experiences. Advances In Consumer Research, 37775-776.Inks, S. A., Schetzsle, S., & Avila, R. A. (2012). Exploring the Use of Business Social Networking Tools in Sales Cu rrent Perceptions and Future Expectations. Marketing Management Journal, 22(1), 1-16.Edmonton Journal. (2008). IKEAs Secret The Customer. Retrieved from http//www.canada.com/saskatoonstarphoenix/news/story.html?id=d2f94f61-48c1-4d48-b276-6481c4804895&k=5397Dholakia, R. (2012). Technology and Consumption Understanding Consumer Choices and Behaviors. New York Springer.United States DIY Products. (2002). DIY Products Industry Profile United States, N.PAG.O.C. Ferrell & Michael Hartline (2011). Marketing Strategy, 5th edition, South-Western/Cengage Learning.Copeland, C. & Hartline, M. (2010). IKEA Looks to Further Penetrate the U.S. Market